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A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round number (a whole number followed by hundred,thous<strong>and</strong>, hundred thous<strong>and</strong>, million, <strong>and</strong> so on) in isolation (see 23.1.1), but give severalround numbers close together in numerals. You may also express large round numbers in acombination <strong>of</strong> numerals <strong>and</strong> words. (See also 23.1.4.)They sold 1,500 copies in the first year <strong>and</strong> 8,000 in the second.These changes will affect about 7.8 million people in New York alone.23.1.3 Percentages <strong>and</strong> Decimal FractionsUse numerals to express percentages <strong>and</strong> decimal fractions, except at the beginning <strong>of</strong> asentence (see 23.1.2). Spell out the word percent, except when you use many percentagefigures <strong>and</strong> in the sciences, where the symbol % is usually preferred (with no interveningspace after the number). Notice that the noun percentage should not be used with a number.Scores <strong>for</strong> students who skipped summer school improved only 9 percent. The percentage <strong>of</strong> students wh<strong>of</strong>ailed was about 2.4 times the usual rate.but notWithin this system, the subject scored 3.8, or 95%.The average rose 9 percentage points.When you use fractional <strong>and</strong> whole numbers <strong>for</strong> the same type <strong>of</strong> item in the same sentenceor paragraph, give both as numerals.The average number <strong>of</strong> children born to college graduates dropped from 2.4 to 2.Put a zero in front <strong>of</strong> a decimal fraction <strong>of</strong> less than 1.00 if the quantity expressed iscapable <strong>of</strong> equaling or exceeding 1.00; otherwise, omit the initial zero.a mean <strong>of</strong> 0.73a loss <strong>of</strong> 0.08p < .05For fractions st<strong>and</strong>ing alone, follow the general rule (see 23.1.1) <strong>for</strong> spelling out the parts.If you spell the parts, include a hyphen between them. Express in numerals a unit composed<strong>of</strong> a whole number <strong>and</strong> a fraction, with no intervening space between these items.Trade <strong>and</strong> commodity services accounted <strong>for</strong> nine-tenths <strong>of</strong> all international receipts <strong>and</strong> payments.One year during the Dust Bowl era, the town received only 15/16 <strong>of</strong> an inch <strong>of</strong> rain.The main carving implement used in this society measured 2½ feet.23.1.4 MoneyU.S. CURRENCY. If you refer only occasionally to U.S. currency, follow the general rule (see23.1.1), <strong>and</strong> spell out the words dollars <strong>and</strong> cents. Otherwise use numerals along with thesymbol $ or ¢. Omit the decimal point <strong>and</strong> following zeros <strong>for</strong> whole-dollar amounts, unlesswww.itpub.net

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