A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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You can assemble your bibliography or reference list either as you consult your sourcesor as you draft and revise. Be sure to check each detail carefully.Getting each citation right may be tedious, but as with every other phase of research, if youanticipate what you need and manage the process from the beginning, you can complete eventhis least exciting part of research faster, more easily, and more reliably.15.6 A Word on Citation SoftwareSoftware companies offer a variety of programs that format bibliographical informationaccording to a specific citation style, including the styles covered in the following chapters.Such a program may save time, but it is not a substitute for knowing the underlying principlesof the style. Morever, citation and bibliographic management software varies widely inquality and might not reflect the small changes in citation styles that occur over time (forexample, the addition of different electronic sources). If you use such software, you shouldalways review the resulting citations for accuracy and completeness.16 Notes-Bibliography Style: The BasicForm16.1 Basic Patterns16.1.1 Order of Elements16.1.2 Punctuation16.1.3 Capitalization16.1.4 Typography of Titles16.1.5 Numbers16.1.6 Abbreviations16.1.7 Indentation16.2 Bibliographieswww.itpub.net
16.2.1 Types of Bibliographies16.2.2 Arrangement of Entries16.2.3 Sources That May Be Omitted16.3 Notes16.3.1 Footnotes versus Endnotes16.3.2 Referencing Notes in Text16.3.3 Numbering Notes16.3.4 Formatting Notes16.3.5 Complex Notes16.4 Short Forms for Notes16.4.1 Shortened Notes16.4.2 Ibid.16.4.3 Parenthetical NotesA citation style used widely in the humanities and in some social sciences is the notesbibliographystyle, or bibliography style for short. This chapter presents an overview of thebasic pattern for citations in bibliography style, including bibliography entries, full notes,shortened notes, and parenthetical notes. Examples of notes are identified with an N;examples of bibliography entries are identified with a B.In bibliography style, you signal that you have used a source by placing a superscriptnumber at the end of the sentence in which you refer to that source:According to one scholar, “The railroads had made Chicago the most important meeting place between Eastand West.” 4You then cite the source of that quotation in a correspondingly numbered note that provides
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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Page 88 and 89: A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
Page 90 and 91: 1. Include only relevant data. If y
Page 92 and 93: BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
Page 94 and 95: Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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Page 100 and 101: 9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Page 110 and 111: 11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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Page 122 and 123: 13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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Page 128 and 129: 15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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Page 140 and 141: 16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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Page 146 and 147: 16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
Page 148 and 149: full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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Page 152 and 153: 17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
Page 154 and 155: 17.7 Informally Published Electroni
Page 156 and 157: 17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
Page 158 and 159: 4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
Page 160 and 161: Many Spanish last names are compoun
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Page 166 and 167: Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
Page 168 and 169: illustration number.N: 50. Richard
Page 170 and 171: N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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Page 174 and 175: B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
Page 176 and 177: B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Locating information. Although some
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consistently, and adapt the general
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For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
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with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
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note.N: 4. Senator Kennedy of Massa
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Executive departments, bureaus, and
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Lower federal courts. For lower fed
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them in your bibliography, although
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Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
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In reference list entries, separate
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R: Chapter Author's Last Name, Chap
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If your reference list includes two
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18.3.1 Placement in TextWhenever yo
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citations. See 16.3.2-16.3.4 for no
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19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
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This chapter provides detailed info
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(Menchú 1999, 50-51)(Adorno and Be
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Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
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Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
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When you cite an edition other than
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Some numbered series have existed f
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SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
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Calhoun, Craig. 2005. Foreword to M
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19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
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For a reference list entry, give th
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the magazine in place of the author
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15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is n
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traditional or shorter abbreviation
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In your reference list, cite works
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19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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followed by to and the name of the
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enclosed in quotation marks. Use he
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P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
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If your paper is in literary studie
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R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
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U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
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language, provide the page number a
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United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
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20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
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ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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the role of the United Statesinstea
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foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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French Canadian explorerMiddle East
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when the prefix precedes a compound
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Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Special elements such as abbreviati
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Do not use commas when all the elem
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commas when such elements do not br
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If the included question is at the
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21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
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We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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Chiang Kai-shekthe Honda Motor Comp
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treaties, government programs, and
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22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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given with an initial capital only.
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Web sites referred to generally (MS
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
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University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
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3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
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EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
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5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
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1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
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Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
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MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Chicago. He is the author of Style:
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of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
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See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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visual and performing arts, sources
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URLs, 177of words derived from pers
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working hypothesis as, 50-51See als
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headline-style capitalization and,
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of journal articles, citation of in
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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