A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

Numerical divisions are separated by periods without spaces. Use arabic numerals (andlowercase letters, if needed) for section numbers. Put commas between two or more citationsof the same source and semicolons between citations of different sources.P: (Aristophanes Frogs 1019–30)(Cicero Verr. 1.3.21, 2.3.120; Tacitus Germ. 10.2–3)(Aristotle Metaphysics 3.2.996b5–8; Plato Republic 360e–361b)You can also abbreviate the names of authors, works, collections, and so forth. The mostwidely accepted abbreviations appear in the Oxford Classical Dictionary. Use theseabbreviations rather than ibid. in succeeding references to the same work.P: (Thuc. 2.40.2–3)(Pindar Isthm. 7.43–45)MEDIEVAL WORKS. The form for classical references works equally well for medieval workswritten in languages other than English. If the section number is preceded by a descriptiveterm, separate it from the title of the work with a comma for clarity.P: (Augustine De civitate Dei 20.2)(Abelard Epistle 17 to Heloïse, Migne PL 180.375c–378a)EARLY ENGLISH WORKS. In addition to the general principles listed above, the followingrules apply to citations of early English literary works.Cite poems and plays by book, canto, and stanza; stanza and line; act, scene, and line; orsimilar divisions. Separate the elements with commas for clarity.P: (Chaucer, Wife of Bath's prologue, Canterbury tales, lines 105–14)(Milton, Paradise lost, book 1, lines 83–86)You may shorten numbered divisions by omitting act, line, and such and using a systemsimilar to that in classical references (see above). Be sure to explain your system in afootnote.P: (Milton, Paradise lost, 1.83–86)If editions differ in wording, line numbering, and even scene division—especially works ofShakespeare—include the work in your reference list, with edition specified.R: Shakespeare, William. 1982. Hamlet. Arden edition. Ed. Harold Jenkins. London: Methuen.19.5.2 The Bible and Other Sacred WorksCite the Bible and sacred works of other religious traditions in parenthetical citations. You donot need to include them in your reference list.For citations from the Bible, include the abbreviated name of the book, the chapter number,and the verse number—never a page number. Depending on the context, you may use either