A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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Examples of such material would be tables and some types of figures, such as charts andgraphs, that are marginally relevant to your topic or too large to put in the text; schedules andforms used in collecting materials; copies of documents not available to the reader; and casestudies too long to put into the text.Label the first page Appendix at the top of the page. If the appendix is more than one page,do not repeat the title. Leave two blank lines between the title and the first line of text or othermaterial.If the appendix material is of different types—for example, a table and a case study—divide it among more than one appendix. In this case, give each appendix a number or letterwww.itpub.net
and a descriptive title. You may give the numbers in either arabic numerals (1, 2) or spelledout (One, Two), or you may use single letters of the alphabet in sequential order (A, B). Putthe number or letter following the word Appendix, and place the descriptive title on the nextline. (If your paper has only one appendix, you may also give it a descriptive title, but do notgive it a number or letter.)If the appendix consists of your own explanatory text, double-space it and format it tomatch the main text. If it consists of a primary document or a case study, you may choose tosingle-space the text, especially if it is long.Treat supporting material that cannot be presented in print form, such as a large data set ora multimedia file, as an appendix. Include a brief description of the material and its location,including a hyperlink (if relevant). Consult your local guidelines for specific format andpresentation requirements; see also A.3.1.GLOSSARY. If your thesis or dissertation (or, in some cases, your class paper) needs aglossary (see A.2.1), you may include it in either the front or back matter, where it followsany appendixes and precedes endnotes and bibliography or reference list. All of the specialformat requirements described in A.2.1 apply, except that the back-matter glossary pagesshould be numbered with arabic instead of roman numerals. Figure A.8 shows a sampleglossary (formatted to appear in front matter).ENDNOTES. If you are using bibliography-style citations, you may include notes in the backmatter as endnotes (see 16.3.4 for formatting endnotes). Label the first page of this elementNotes at the top of the page. Do not repeat the title on subsequent pages of the endnotessection. Leave two blank lines between the title and the first note, and one blank line betweennotes. Figure A.14 shows a sample page of endnotes for a paper divided into chapters.If you are using reference list–style citations, you will not have endnotes.BIBLIOGRAPHY OR REFERENCE LIST. If you are using bibliography-style citations, you willprobably include a bibliography in the back matter. Label the first page of this elementBibliography at the top of the page. Do not repeat the title on subsequent pages of thebibliography. Leave two blank lines between the title and the first item listed, and one blankline between items. Figure A.15 shows a sample page of a bibliography.For some types of bibliographies, you should use a different title, such as SourcesConsulted. If you do not arrange the bibliography alphabetically by author, include aheadnote, subheadings (formatted consistently), or both to explain the arrangement. See 16.2for these variations.If you are using reference list–style citations, you must include a reference list in the backmatter. Label the first page of the list References at the top of the page. Do not repeat the titleon subsequent pages of the reference list. Leave two blank lines between the title and the firstitem listed, and one blank line between items. Figure A.16 shows a sample page of a referencelist.In the rare case that you do not arrange the reference list alphabetically by author (see18.2.1), include a headnote, subheadings (formatted consistently), or both to explain thearrangement.
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
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17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
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4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
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Many Spanish last names are compoun
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B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
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B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
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Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
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illustration number.N: 50. Richard
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N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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download or other delivery from a b
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B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
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B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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Articles published online. For onli
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parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
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N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
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17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Locating information. Although some
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consistently, and adapt the general
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For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
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with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
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note.N: 4. Senator Kennedy of Massa
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Executive departments, bureaus, and
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Lower federal courts. For lower fed
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them in your bibliography, although
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Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
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In reference list entries, separate
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R: Chapter Author's Last Name, Chap
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If your reference list includes two
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18.3.1 Placement in TextWhenever yo
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citations. See 16.3.2-16.3.4 for no
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19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
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This chapter provides detailed info
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(Menchú 1999, 50-51)(Adorno and Be
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Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
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Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
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When you cite an edition other than
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Some numbered series have existed f
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SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
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Calhoun, Craig. 2005. Foreword to M
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19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
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For a reference list entry, give th
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the magazine in place of the author
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15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is n
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traditional or shorter abbreviation
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In your reference list, cite works
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19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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followed by to and the name of the
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enclosed in quotation marks. Use he
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P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
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If your paper is in literary studie
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R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
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U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
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language, provide the page number a
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United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
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20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
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ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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the role of the United Statesinstea
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foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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French Canadian explorerMiddle East
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when the prefix precedes a compound
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Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Special elements such as abbreviati
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Do not use commas when all the elem
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commas when such elements do not br
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If the included question is at the
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21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
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We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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Chiang Kai-shekthe Honda Motor Comp
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treaties, government programs, and
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22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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given with an initial capital only.
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Web sites referred to generally (MS
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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Page 359 and 360: TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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Page 363 and 364: class paper) includes many foreign
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Page 382 and 383: The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
Page 384 and 385: 1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
Page 386 and 387: Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
Page 388 and 389: 4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
Page 390 and 391: University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
Page 392 and 393: 3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
Page 394 and 395: http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
Page 396 and 397: EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
Page 398 and 399: 5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
Page 400 and 401: Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
Page 402 and 403: 1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
Page 404 and 405: Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
Page 406 and 407: MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
Page 408 and 409: Chicago. He is the author of Style:
Page 410 and 411: of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
Page 412 and 413: See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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