A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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newspapersabbreviation of, 336–337adjectives derived from, 310authority for spelling of place-names, 283capitalization of, 309–312, 314compounds, 290, 291possessives of, 286–287of publishers, 175, 241–242abstracts of, 30bibliography-style citation of articles, 157, 159, 186–188reference list–style citation of articles, 222, 252–254as tertiary source, 27news services, 188, 253notes, 151–153citation of, 176, 242complex: citations and substantive comments, 153–154; multiple sources, 153; text references to, 152endnotes: defined, 136; disadvantages of, 151; footnotes used with, 75, 151; formatting, 152–153, 400,403; subheads within, 153example notation explained, 141font size for, 374footnotes: defined, 136; endnotes used with, 75, 151; formatting, 152, 393; in reference list–stylecitation, 226; sparing use of, 75; substantive vs. source, 151, 152, 226; in tables, 361, 367–368footnotes vs. endnotes, choice of, 75, 151general patterns of, 136, 142–147; abbreviations, 146–147; capitalization, 146; indentation, 147;numbers, 146; order of elements, 146; punctuation, 146; templates for, 143–145, 156–157, 218–220;typography of titles, 146graphics and special typography in, 151judicious use of, 75, 154modernization of spelling or punctuation explained in, 353, 390numbering of, 141–142, 152; abbreviation of note number, 176, 242; formatting, 152; symbols, 151,152parenthetical notes: distinguished from parenthetical citations, 224; formatting, 158–159; names,special problems in, 166–167; shortened forms of, 158–159; use of, 157–158quotations in, 151, 154, 348www.itpub.net
shortened form, 142, 154–159; author-only, 154–155, 156; author-title, 154–155, 156–157; ibid., 155,157; multiple authors or editors, 155, 156; name inversion and, 166–167; of parenthetical notes, 158–159; subsequent notes invoking, 142; templates for, 156–157; title-only, 154, 157; use of, 154specific requirements for (see bibliography-style citation, specific types of sources)substantive: citations and, in same note, 153–154; footnotes vs. endnotes for, 75, 151; parentheticalcitations and comments in footnotes, 226; sparing use of, 75, 154; symbols for, 151, 152note-takingtemplates for, 143–145, 156–157; recording of information, 40–41, 40text references for, 151–152use of, compared to bibliography, 147See also bibliography-style citationerrors in final paper, as source of, 120keywords: changing structure of, 47; choice of, 44; grouping related notes using, 44–45; recombiningnotes using, 45, 47; template for, 40; working hypothesis found through, 46for oral presentations, 124, 125photocopying and, 41, 42–43and plagiarism, guarding against, 42for project elements: question, 43, 65; working hypothesis, 43, 45–47re-sorting notes, 45, 47review of notes, 45, 47summarizing vs. paraphrasing vs. quoting, 41, 352; template use and, 40–41, 40, 42systematic, 39–42templates for, 40–41 thoughtful, 36–39, 40useful, 42–45; engaged sources, 42–43; honestly reported sources, 43–44; relevant to project, 43See also first draft; storyboardnumbers, 318–330in Bible and other sacred works, 340–341, 343–344in bibliography-style citation, 146commas within, 325–326date systems, 327–328equations and formulas, 325, 405hyphenation and: compounds with, 291; line breaks, 293; prefixes with, 292; spans of, 291inclusive: abbreviation of, 326, 327; guidelines for, 326; hyphenation of compounds indicating, 291
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
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17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
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4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
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Many Spanish last names are compoun
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B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
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B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
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Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
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illustration number.N: 50. Richard
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N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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download or other delivery from a b
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B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
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B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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Articles published online. For onli
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parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
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N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
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17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Locating information. Although some
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consistently, and adapt the general
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For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
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with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
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note.N: 4. Senator Kennedy of Massa
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Executive departments, bureaus, and
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Lower federal courts. For lower fed
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them in your bibliography, although
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Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
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In reference list entries, separate
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R: Chapter Author's Last Name, Chap
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If your reference list includes two
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18.3.1 Placement in TextWhenever yo
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citations. See 16.3.2-16.3.4 for no
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19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
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This chapter provides detailed info
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(Menchú 1999, 50-51)(Adorno and Be
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Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
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Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
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When you cite an edition other than
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Some numbered series have existed f
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SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
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Calhoun, Craig. 2005. Foreword to M
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19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
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For a reference list entry, give th
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the magazine in place of the author
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15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is n
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traditional or shorter abbreviation
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In your reference list, cite works
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19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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followed by to and the name of the
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enclosed in quotation marks. Use he
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P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
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If your paper is in literary studie
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R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
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U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
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language, provide the page number a
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United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
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20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
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ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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the role of the United Statesinstea
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foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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French Canadian explorerMiddle East
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when the prefix precedes a compound
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Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Special elements such as abbreviati
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Do not use commas when all the elem
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commas when such elements do not br
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If the included question is at the
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21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
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We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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Chiang Kai-shekthe Honda Motor Comp
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treaties, government programs, and
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22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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given with an initial capital only.
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Web sites referred to generally (MS
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
Page 390 and 391: University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
Page 392 and 393: 3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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Page 396 and 397: EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
Page 398 and 399: 5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Page 402 and 403: 1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
Page 404 and 405: Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
Page 406 and 407: MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Page 410 and 411: of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
Page 412 and 413: See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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Page 432 and 433: See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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Page 444 and 445: multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
Page 446 and 447: in figure captions, 370function of,
Page 448 and 449: slash separating lines of, 350posse
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Page 452 and 453: from foreign language, 312integrati
Page 454 and 455: purpose of, 221specific requirement
Page 456 and 457: esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
Page 458 and 459: sentencesquoted material ending in,
Page 460 and 461: See also literature review; note-ta
Page 462 and 463: hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
Page 464 and 465: 3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
Page 466 and 467: See also questions, researchtransit
Page 468 and 469: as primary sources, 25reference lis
Page 470: www.itpub.net
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