A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

of the spelling and punctuation for clarity, inform your readers in a note or preface.CAPITALIZATION AND PUNCTUATION. In most disciplines, you may change the initial letterof a quoted passage from capital to lowercase or from lowercase to capital without noting thechange. If you weave the quotation into the syntax of your sentence, begin it with a lowercaseletter. Otherwise, begin it with a capital letter if it begins with a complete sentence, with alowercase letter if it does not. You may also make similar changes when you use ellipses; see25.3.2.Original: As a result of these factors, the Mexican people were bound to benefit from the change.Fernandez claims, “The Mexican people were bound to benefit from the change.”Fernandez claims that “the Mexican people were bound to benefit from the change.”Fernandez points out that “as a result of these factors, the Mexican people were bound to benefit from thechange.”“The Mexican people,” notes Fernandez, “were bound to benefit from the change.”Depending on how you work the quotation in the text, you may also omit a final period orchange it to a comma.Fernandez notes that the Mexicans were “bound to benefit from the change” as a result of the factors hediscusses.“The Mexican people were bound to benefit from the change,” argues Fernandez.In literary studies and other fields concerned with close analysis of texts, indicate anychange in capitalization by putting the altered letter in brackets.“[T]he Mexican people were bound to benefit from the change,” argues Fernandez.Fernandez points out that “[a]s a result of these factors, the Mexican people were bound to benefit from thechange.”In any discipline, if you put double quotation marks around a passage that already includesdouble quotation marks, change the internal marks to single quotation marks for clarity (see25.2.1). If the original passage ends with a semicolon or a colon, change it to a period or acomma to fit the structure of your sentence (see 21.11.2).ITALICS. You may italicize for emphasis words that are not italicized in the original, but youmust indicate the change with the notation italics mine or emphasis added, placed either in thequotation or in its citation. Within the quotation, add the notation in square bracketsimmediately after the italicized words. In a citation, add the notation after the page number,preceded by a semicolon (see also 16.3.5). If you add italics at two or more points in aquotation, use a note rather than a parenthetical comment. See also 22.2.2.According to Schultz, “By the end of 2010, every democracy [emphasis added] will face the challenge ofnuclear terrorism.” 1Brown notes simply that the destruction of the tribes “had all happened in less than ten years” (271; italicsmine).