A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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enclosed in quotation marks. Use headline-style capitalization for titles. Separate the elementswith commas.P: (Georgia O'Keeffe, The Cliff Chimneys, 1938, Milwaukee Art Museum)(Michelangelo, David, 1501–4, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence)(Ansel Adams, “North Dome, Basket Dome, Mount Hoffman, Yosemite,” ca. 1935, SmithsonianAmerican Art Museum, Washington, DC)Instead of using a parenthetical citation, you can sometimes cite artworks by weaving theelements into your text.O'Keeffe first demonstrated this technique in The Cliff Chimneys (1938; Milwaukee Art Museum).If you viewed the artwork in a published source and your local guidelines require you toidentify this source, list the published source in your reference list. In your parentheticalcitation, give the usual author-date citation in place of the institutional name and location. Foronline images, see 19.8.6.R: Lynes, Barbara Buhler, Lesley Poling-Kempes, and Frederick W. Turner. 2004. Georgia O'Keeffe andNew Mexico: A sense of place. Princeton: Princeton University Press.P: (Georgia O'Keeffe, The Cliff Chimneys, 1938, in Lynes, Poling-Kempes, and Turner 2004, 25)OTHER GRAPHIC SOURCES. You may need to cite other graphic sources, such as printadvertisements, maps, cartoons, and so forth. Cite such items only in parenthetical citations,adapting the basic patterns for artworks and giving as much information as possible. Give thetitles in roman type, enclosed in quotation marks, and identify the type of graphic if it isunclear from the title. For online graphics, see 19.8.6.P: (National Center for Family Literacy, “Because I Can Read,” advertisement, Atlantic Monthly, April2006, 59)19.8.2 Live PerformancesTHEATER, MUSIC, AND DANCE. Cite live theatrical, musical, or dance performances only inparenthetical citations. Include the title of the work performed, the names of any keyperformers and an indication of their roles, the venue and its location, and the date. Italicizethe titles of plays and long musical compositions, but set the titles of shorter works in romantype, enclosed in quotation marks. Use headline-style capitalization for titles. If the citation isfocused on an individual's performance, list that person's name before the title of the work.Separate the elements with commas.P: (Birdie Blue, by Cheryl L. West, directed by Seret Scott, Second Stage Theater, New York, June 22,2005)(Yuja Wang, pianist, “La Valse,” by Maurice Ravel, Orchestra Hall, Chicago, March 26, 2006)Instead of using a parenthetical citation, you can sometimes cite live performances byweaving the elements into your text.Yuja Wang's performance of Maurice Ravel's “La Valse” (March 26, 2006, at Orchestra Hall, Chicago)www.itpub.net
demonstrated her understanding . . .If you viewed or listened to a live performance in a recorded medium, cite the recording.For sound recordings, see 19.8.4; for video recordings, see 19.8.5; for online files, see 19.8.6.MOVIES. If you viewed a movie in a theater, cite it similarly to a live performance in aparenthetical citation or by weaving the elements into your text. (For movies viewed as videorecordings, see 19.8.5; for movies viewed online, see 19.8.6.) Include the title of the movie (initalics), the director, the name of the production company or distributor, and the year in whichthe movie was released. Use headline-style capitalization for titles. Separate the elements withcommas. If relevant, describe the scene you are citing.P: (Capote, directed by Bennett Miller, Sony Pictures Classics, 2005, opening scene)19.8.3 Television Programs and Other Broadcast SourcesPROGRAMS. Cite television programs, radio programs, and other broadcast sources only inparenthetical citations. Include at least the title of the program and the date on which youwatched or listened to it. You may also include the episode title and number (if available), thenames of any key performers (if relevant to your discussion), the broadcast venue, and thedate of original broadcast (if different from the date you watched or listened to it). Italicize thetitles of programs, but set the titles of episodes or segments in roman type, enclosed inquotation marks. Use headline-style capitalization for titles. Separate the elements withcommas.P: (Seinfeld, “The Opposite,” episode 86, September 22, 2005 [originally aired May 19, 1994])(All Things Considered, NPR, April 20, 2006)Instead of using a parenthetical citation, you can often cite such programs by weaving thekey elements into your text, especially if some or all of the additional elements are notavailable or relevant to the citation.The Seinfeld episode titled “The Opposite” (aired September 22, 2005) perfectly illustrates this storystructure.If you viewed or listened to a broadcast program in a recorded medium, cite the recording.For video recordings, see 19.8.5; for online files, see 19.8.6.INTERVIEWS. Cite broadcast interviews only in parenthetical citations or by weaving theelements into your text. Treat the person interviewed as the author, and identify theinterviewer in the context of the citation. Also include the forum and date of the broadcast.Use headline-style capitalization for titles. Separate the elements with commas. Forunpublished interviews, see 19.6.3.P: (Condoleezza Rice, interview by Jim Lehrer, News Hour, PBS, July 28, 2005)ADVERTISEMENTS. Cite broadcast advertisements only in parenthetical citations or byweaving the elements into your text. Give as much information as possible.
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
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17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
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4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
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Many Spanish last names are compoun
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B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
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B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
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Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
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illustration number.N: 50. Richard
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N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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download or other delivery from a b
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B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
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B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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Articles published online. For onli
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parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
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N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
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17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Locating information. Although some
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consistently, and adapt the general
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For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
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with Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Publish
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note.N: 4. Senator Kennedy of Massa
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Executive departments, bureaus, and
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Page 202 and 203: Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
Page 204 and 205: In reference list entries, separate
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Page 208 and 209: If your reference list includes two
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Page 214 and 215: 19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
Page 216 and 217: This chapter provides detailed info
Page 218 and 219: (Menchú 1999, 50-51)(Adorno and Be
Page 220 and 221: Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
Page 222 and 223: Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
Page 224 and 225: When you cite an edition other than
Page 226 and 227: Some numbered series have existed f
Page 228 and 229: SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
Page 230 and 231: Calhoun, Craig. 2005. Foreword to M
Page 232 and 233: 19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
Page 234 and 235: For a reference list entry, give th
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Page 238 and 239: 15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is n
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Page 242 and 243: In your reference list, cite works
Page 244 and 245: 19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
Page 246 and 247: followed by to and the name of the
Page 250 and 251: P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
Page 252 and 253: If your paper is in literary studie
Page 254 and 255: R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
Page 256 and 257: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
Page 258 and 259: language, provide the page number a
Page 260 and 261: United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
Page 262 and 263: 20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
Page 264 and 265: ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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Page 268 and 269: foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
Page 270 and 271: French Canadian explorerMiddle East
Page 272 and 273: when the prefix precedes a compound
Page 274 and 275: Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Page 278 and 279: Do not use commas when all the elem
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Page 282 and 283: If the included question is at the
Page 284 and 285: 21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
Page 286 and 287: We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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Page 292 and 293: 22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
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University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
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3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
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EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
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5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
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1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
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Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
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MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Chicago. He is the author of Style:
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of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
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See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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visual and performing arts, sources
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URLs, 177of words derived from pers
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working hypothesis as, 50-51See als
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headline-style capitalization and,
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of journal articles, citation of in
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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