A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

journal, collection, or series it appears in, as well as volume number, edition number, orother identifying information; and page numbers, URL, or other locating information if thereference is to a specific part of a larger text.Who published the text, and when? This includes the name of the publisher and the placeand date of publication—or an indication that the document has not been published.Details vary for other sources, such as sound and video recordings, but they answer thesame three questions: Who wrote, edited, translated, or assembled the source? What dataidentify it? Who published it and when?Your readers will expect you to use the citation style appropriate to their particular field,not just because they are familiar with this style but because when you use it, you show themthat you understand their values and practices. The details, however, are complex: when touse capitals, periods, commas, even where to put a space. But if you do not get these smallmatters right, many of your readers will question whether they can trust you on the biggerones. Few researchers try to memorize all these details. Instead, they learn the form of thecitations they use most so that they do not need to look them up repeatedly. Then, for citingsources that are less common or have unusual elements, they consult a book like this one.15.3 Two Citation StylesThis book covers the two most common forms of citation, called notes-bibliography style, orsimply bibliography style (used widely in the humanities and in some social sciences), andparenthetical citations–reference list style, or reference list style (used in most social sciencesand in the natural and physical sciences). If you are not certain which style to use in a paper,consult your instructor.You may be asked to use different styles in different settings (for example, an art historycourse and a political science course). Within a specific paper, however, always follow asingle style consistently.If you are new to research, read this section for a brief description of how the two citationstyles work. Then, if you are using bibliography style, read chapter 16 for an overview of thisstyle, and refer to chapter 17 for detailed guidelines and examples for citing most types ofsources you're likely to consult. If you are using reference list style, the overview and detailedchapters are 18 and 19, respectively.15.3.1 Bibliography StyleIn bibliography-style citations, you signal that you have used a source by placing a superscriptnumber at the end of the sentence in which you refer to it:He argues that “in an uncertain world, printed materials can be put to use in ways that make thempowerful.” 1You then cite the source of that quotation in a correspondingly numbered note that provideswww.itpub.net