A-manual-for-writers-of-research-papers-theses-and-dissertations

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In your reference list, cite works that you have consulted in microform editions, includingdissertations, as you would a book. (For dissertations consulted in print form or online, see19.6.1.) Specify the form of publication (fiche, microfilm, and so forth) after the facts ofpublication.R: Farwell, Beatrice. 1995. French popular lithographic imagery. Vol. 12, Lithography in art andcommerce. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Text-fiche.Tauber, Abraham. 1958. Spelling reform in the United States. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms.Microfilm.In a parenthetical citation, include a locator if possible. In the following example, the pagenumber (identified with the abbreviation p. for clarity) appears within the printed text on thefiche; the other numbers indicate the fiche and frame, and the letter indicates the row.P: (Farwell 1995, p. 67, 3C12)19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMsCite works issued on CD- or DVD-ROM as you would analogous printed works, most oftenbooks.R: Complete National Geographic: 110 years of “National Geographic” magazine. 2000. CDROM.Mindscape.Oxford English dictionary. 1999. 2nd ed. CD-ROM, version 2.0. New York: Oxford University Press.19.5.9 Online DatabasesFor citation of journal articles published in online databases, see 19.2.8. For other types ofonline databases, list the database as a whole in your reference list if you cite multipledocuments or records from it. Give the name of the database (in roman type), the URL for themain page, and the date (or range of dates) you accessed the material. Note that a URL aloneis not sufficient; you must provide the full facts of publication, as far as they can bedetermined, so that a reader can search for the source even if the URL changes.R: Perseus Digital Library. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/ (accessed February 1–March 31, 2006).If you cite only one document or record from such a database, list it individually in yourreference list. Give the author and title of the document (if available), the name of thedatabase (in roman type), the URL for the specific page, and the date you accessed thematerial. For dissertations in online databases, see 19.6.1.R: Pliny the Elder. The natural history, ed. John Bostock and H. T. Riley. In the Perseus Digital Library,http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+1.dedication (accessed March 31, 2006).To cite a document or record in your text, include as much information as possible to linkthe citation to the reference list entry. Place this information either in a parenthetical citation(with the elements separated by commas) or in the text.www.itpub.net
P: (Pliny the Elder, Perseus Digital Library). . . as illustrated in Pliny the Elder's treatise The Natural History (Perseus Digital Library).19.6 Unpublished SourcesSources that have never been published can be more difficult for readers to locate thanpublished ones, because they exist in only one place and lack official publication information.When citing such sources in your reference list, it is especially important to include all of theinformation listed below to give readers as much help as possible.Titles of unpublished works are given in roman type and not enclosed in quotation marks oritalicized. This format difference distinguishes them from similar but published works.19.6.1 Theses and DissertationsIf you consult an unpublished thesis or dissertation in print form, treat it as an unpublishedmanuscript. After the author, date (if available), and title, list the kind of thesis and theacademic institution. Abbreviate dissertation as diss. The word unpublished is unnecessary.R: Murphy, Priscilla Coit. 2000. What a book can do: Silent Spring and media-borne public debate. PhDdiss., University of North Carolina.Culcasi, Karen Leigh. 2003. Cartographic representations of Kurdistan in the print media. Master's thesis,Syracuse University.To cite a dissertation consulted in an online database, add the name of the database, theURL, and the access date following the institutional information in your reference list. (Formicroform editions, see 19.5.7.)R: Murphy, Priscilla Coit. 2000. What a book can do: Silent Spring and media-borne public debate. PhDdiss., University of North Carolina. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses,http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=727710781&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=13392&RQT=309&VName=PQD (accessed April 1, 2006).19.6.2 Lectures and Papers Presented at MeetingsAfter the author, date, and title of the speech or paper, list the sponsorship, location, and (ifavailable) specific day of the meeting at which it was given. The word unpublished isunnecessary.R: Troutman, John. 2005. Indian blues: American Indians and the politics of music, 1890–1935. Lecture,Newberry Library, Chicago, IL. February 2.Grad, Karene. 2004. When high culture was popular culture. Paper presented at the annual meeting of theOrganization of American Historians, Boston, MA. March 26.Skocpol, Theda. 2003. Voice and inequality: The transformation of American civic democracy.Presidential address, annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA.August 28.
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A Manual for Writers of Research Pa
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Indexing BooksNancy C. MulvanyGetti
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Part I Research and Writing: From P
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15 General Introduction to Citation
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Appendix: Paper Format and Submissi
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that have emerged since 2003 and th
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We first discuss the aims of resear
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You may think your report will add
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1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That R
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That impulse is understandable. But
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You might even post those five goal
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knowledge:masks in religious ceremo
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9. Look for questions that other re
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esearch. You can, of course, look f
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If you can think of only one or two
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3.3.2 Skim the Internet3.3.3 Talk t
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understand what you think until you
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translator(s)What data identify the
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(Bibliographic Index is a bibliogra
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Skim bibliographies of recent books
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influential a source is by how ofte
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4.5 Review Your Progress4.5.1 Searc
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PART-WHOLE CONTRADICTIONS. You can
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label the places (see fig. 4.1, wit
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major reasons, and so on). Highligh
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two, and if you take notes on a com
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4.6 Manage Moments of Normal PanicT
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good research report, readers hear
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think your answer is significant, i
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differently, you must acknowledge a
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Around here, when it's a warm night
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To accept that claim, readers must
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5.6 Assemble an ArgumentHere is a s
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6.2.6).6.2 Create a Plan That Meets
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2. Rephrase your question as a lack
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You can follow the same procedure t
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its end expressing its point. That
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7.10 Guard against Inappropriate As
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y their lack of original thinking.
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Now might I do it [kill him] pat, n
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As one invention begets another one
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2. What help must you acknowledge i
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families were headed by a single mo
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A.3.1 on creating and inserting tab
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1. Include only relevant data. If y
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BAR CHARTS. Bar charts communicate
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Figure 8.7 shows how a stacked bar
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that states the claim you want the
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www.itpub.net
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9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Repo
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Of each section, ask What question
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give them a framework for understan
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you just surveyed:Ever since Girola
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Be sure to include in these openers
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11.5 Give It Up and Print It OutYou
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principal demonstrates that she is
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squeezed into so little volume chan
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Most instructors and editors do agr
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problem is the ones you are sure of
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comments so that you can do better
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13.1.2 Understand the Difference be
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of us do), you can then skip to the
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want to listen to them. Your aims a
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15.2.2 Information Required in Cita
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journal, collection, or series it a
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deciding how much change counts as
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You can assemble your bibliography
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information about the source (autho
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3. Author(s) Plus Editor or Transla
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16.1.3 CapitalizationCapitalize mos
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university may specify that you sho
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You may choose to include in your b
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16.3.5 Complex NotesCITATIONS. If y
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full note.N: 5. Jan H. Kalicki and
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number of a reference is the same a
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17.1.2 Title17.1.3 Edition17.1.4 Vo
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17.7 Informally Published Electroni
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17.1 BooksBooks reflect a wider ran
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4. Timothy E. Fulop and Albert J. R
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Many Spanish last names are compoun
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B: Aaron, Henry. Why Is Welfare So
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B: Pelikan, Jaroslav. Christian Doc
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Cambridge, MA: MIT PressChapel Hill
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illustration number.N: 50. Richard
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N: 3. Anne Carr and Douglas J. Schu
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download or other delivery from a b
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B: Jenkins, J. Craig, David Jacobs,
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B: Schapiro, Mark. “New Power for
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Articles published online. For onli
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parenthetical notes (see 16.4.3). Y
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N: 34. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia:
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17.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Locating information. Although some
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consistently, and adapt the general
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For video recordings, see 17.8.5; f
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Page 202 and 203: Style: The Basic Form18.1 Basic Pat
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Page 214 and 215: 19.5.8 CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs19.5.9 On
Page 216 and 217: This chapter provides detailed info
Page 218 and 219: (Menchú 1999, 50-51)(Adorno and Be
Page 220 and 221: Van Rensselaer, StephenMedici, Lore
Page 222 and 223: Dates. Use a comma to set off dates
Page 224 and 225: When you cite an edition other than
Page 226 and 227: Some numbered series have existed f
Page 228 and 229: SPECIAL TYPES OF LOCATORS. Some par
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Page 232 and 233: 19.2.1 Author's NameGive authors' n
Page 234 and 235: For a reference list entry, give th
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Page 238 and 239: 15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is n
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Page 244 and 245: 19.6.3 Interviews and Personal Comm
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Page 250 and 251: P: (Federal Express, “Caveman”
Page 252 and 253: If your paper is in literary studie
Page 254 and 255: R: U.S. Congress. Congressional Rec
Page 256 and 257: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1975. Me
Page 258 and 259: language, provide the page number a
Page 260 and 261: United Kingdom. n.d. Rotuli parliam
Page 262 and 263: 20.3 Compounds and Words Formed wit
Page 264 and 265: ABBREVIATIONS. Form plurals of abbr
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Page 268 and 269: foodbornechildlikeworldwideExceptio
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Page 272 and 273: when the prefix precedes a compound
Page 274 and 275: Abbreviations. Do not break abbrevi
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Page 282 and 283: If the included question is at the
Page 284 and 285: 21.8.2 BracketsBrackets are most of
Page 286 and 287: We have noted similar motifs in Jap
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22.2.2 Words Defined as TermsTo emp
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given with an initial capital only.
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Web sites referred to generally (MS
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so, be consistent.If you are writin
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ROUND NUMBERS. Spell out a round nu
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23.1.6 Names with NumbersSome types
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In most numbers of four or more dig
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The research was conducted over sev
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do not, reconsider the structure of
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disciplines. If you are writing a p
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24.2.1 Personal NamesIn general, do
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24.2.3 Academic DegreesYou may use
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She was ineligible for the presiden
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24.4 Time and Dates24.4.1 TimeYou m
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Depending on the context, you may e
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24.6.3 New TestamentNote that the a
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parenthetical statements in the tex
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25.3.1 Permissible Changes25.3.2 Om
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The same placement options apply to
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R. ROISTER DOISTER. Except I have h
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INSERTIONS. If you need to insert a
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If you omit material between senten
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sometimes used interchangeably with
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Sources: Data from Richard H. Adams
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This grid of columns (vertical) and
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26.2.5 The StubThe leftmost column
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designate notes with asterisks, bot
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sentences. Such captions are also c
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hand) before submitting it. Softwar
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Many departments and universities h
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www.itpub.net
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www.itpub.net
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TITLE PAGE. Class papers should beg
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—New York Sun, February 13, 1917E
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class paper) includes many foreign
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www.itpub.net
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CHAPTERS. Most theses and dissertat
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that appear together without interv
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Examples of such material would be
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A.3 Submission RequirementsA.3.1 Pr
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Keep a table that cannot be present
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multimedia files.BibliographyThere
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The Booklist. Chicago: American Lib
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1. Bowman, John S., ed. The Cambrid
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Visual Representation of Data (Tabl
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4. Walford, Albert J., Anthony Chal
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University Press, 2004.2. Ward, Sir
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3. Øyen, Else, ed. Comparative Met
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http://www netlibrary.com.2. Warner
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EducationGeography4. Journal of Eco
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5. Garner, Bryan A. The Elements of
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Sociology3. Kennedy, J. Library Res
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1. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scient
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Chemistry4. Genetics Citation Index
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MathematicsPhysics2. Seyfert, Carl
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Chicago. He is the author of Style:
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of abbreviations list, 389in biblio
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See also figuresBC, 328, 339BCE, 32
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visual and performing arts, sources
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URLs, 177of words derived from pers
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working hypothesis as, 50-51See als
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headline-style capitalization and,
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of journal articles, citation of in
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drama. See plays; theater, citation
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eference list-style citation of, 25
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highlights in, 86-87inserted into f
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front matter, 377-391; abstract, 39
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See also figures; graphicsgrouped b
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methods of research illustrated on,
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as topic source, 14, 17journal writ
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magazinesbibliography-style citatio
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newspapersabbreviation of, 336-337a
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lists and, 329-330with names, 323-3
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multivolume dissertation, 375-376te
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in figure captions, 370function of,
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slash separating lines of, 350posse
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in glossary, 390line breaks and hyp
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from foreign language, 312integrati
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purpose of, 221specific requirement
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esearch method page, 390Reverend, u
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sentencesquoted material ending in,
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See also literature review; note-ta
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hard copy submission, 407-408prepar
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3-em dash, 148-149, 304timeabbrevia
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See also questions, researchtransit
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as primary sources, 25reference lis
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www.itpub.net
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