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Scientific Name Common Name NCS CriteriaNicida prestoni (Sykes 1897) CR B2ab(iii)Family: PupinidaeTortulosa aurea (Pfeiffer 1855)E: Sri LankaTortu’s OperculateSnail CR B1+2ab(iii)Tortulosa austeniana (Benson 1853) CR B2ab(iii)Tortulosa barnaclei (Tomlin 1928) DDTortulosa blanfordi (Dohrn 1862) DDTortulosa colletti (Sykes 1898) CR B2ab(iii)Tortulosa congener (Sykes 1905) CR B1+2ab(iii)Tortulosa connectens (Fulton 1903) DDTortulosa cumingi (Pfeiffer 1857) EN B1+2ab(iii)Tortulosa decora (Benson 1853) EN B1+2ab(iii)Tortulosa duplicata (Pfeiffer 1855) CR B2ab(iii)Tortulosa eurytrema (Pfeiffer 1852) DDTortulosa greeni (Sykes 1899) EN B1+2ab(iii)Tortulosa haemastoma (Pfeiffer 1857) EN B1+2ab(iii)Tortulosa hartleyi (Tomlin 1928) DDTortulosa layardi (Pfeiffer 1851) EN B2ab(iii)Tortulosa leucocheilus (Adams & Sowerby 1866) DDTortulosa marginata (Pfeiffer 1854) EN B1+2ab(iii)Tortulosa nevilli (Sykes 1898) EN B1+2ab(iii)Tortulosa nietneri (Nevill 1871) DDTortulosa prestoni (Sykes 1905) DDTortulosa pyramidata (PfeifFer 1852) EN B1+2ab(iii)Tortulosa rugosa (Fulton 1904) DDTortulosa smithi (Sykes 1905) CR B2ab(iii)Tortulosa sykesi (Fulton 1904) CR B2ab(iii)Tortulosa templemani (Pfeiffer 1854) CR B2ab(iii)Tortulosa thwaitesi (Pfeiffer 1852) CR B2ab(iii)Family: TruncatellidaeTruncatella ceylanica (Pfeiffsr 1856) DD76
The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of theFreshwater Fishes in Sri LankaSampath de Alwis GoonatilakeIUCN Sri Lanka, 53, Horton Place, Colombo 7.IntroductionSri Lanka supports a rich freshwater fish assemblage that comprises of 91 species including 50endemics (Bailey and Gans, 1998; Goonatialke, 2007; Silva et al., 2008; Meegaskumbura, etal., 2008; Pethiyagoda, 1991; Pethiyagoda et al., 2008; Pethiyagoda et al., 2008a; Pethiyagodaet al., 2008b; Pethiyagoda et al., 2008c; Silva et al., 2011; Pethiyagoda et al., 2012; Watson,1998). Other than these indigenous species, 24 exotic species have been introduced to theisland, mainly to boost the inland fishery (Goonatilake, 2007). Senanayake and Moyle (1982)have identified four major Ichthyological zones (Southwestern, Mahaweli, Dry and Transition)according to the distribution patterns of freshwater fish in Sri Lanka. Out of these four zones,Southwestern and Mahaweli zones bear the highest freshwater fish diversity in the island.TaxonomyThe island’s freshwater fish fauna has received significant attention from early Europeanichthyologists that dates back to early 19 th Century. Georges Cuvier and Achille Valenciennesdescribed several species of fish (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828–49) from Sri Lanka basedon a single collection made in 1827 near the Kinniyar hot springs by the French explorer A.Reynaud. However, the first local exploration of the fish fauna by an expert took place in the early1860s, when the Dutch ichthyologist P. Bleeker described several new species of freshwaterfish based on a collection from the Gin River basin. In the early 1900’s Bleeker’s work hasbeen followed by a German ichthyologist, George Duncker, who explored several localitiesincluding Gin river basin that led to the compilation of first checklist of Sri Lankan freshwaterfishes (Duncker, 1912). These early efforts on fish exploration by European ichthyologists werefollowed in the mid 20 th Century by local naturalists of whom the most notable being P.E.P.Deraniyagala who has described several new species and produced the first illustrated bookon Sri Lankan freshwater fish (Deraniyagala, 1952). His work has been followed by Mendis(1954) and Munro (1955).The first systematic exploration of the island’s freshwater fish fauna was carried out during thelate 1970s by Ranil Senanayake for his doctoral dissertation that has led to a comprehensivereview of the conservation status of freshwater fishes for the first time in Sri Lanka (Senanayake,1980; Senanayake and Moyle, 1982). This work was followed by a more extensive survey onfreshwater fish by the Wildlife Heritage Trust that has led to the discovery of many new speciesof freshwater fish (Kottelat & Pethiyagoda, 1991; Meegaskumbura, et al., 2008; Pethiyagodaet al., 2008; Pethiyagoda et al., 2008a; Pethiyagoda et al., 2008b; Pethiyagoda et al., 2008c;Pethiyagoda et al., 2012; Silva et al., 2008; Silva et al., 2011).Taxonomic nomenclature of freshwater fish has also been extensively revised during the pasttwo decades, the most recent being the taxonomic revision of the genus Puntius by Pethiyagodaet al. (2012) that has resulted in the splitting of this genus into four genera, namely Puntius,77
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Page 51 and 52: DistributionThe distribution of but
Page 53 and 54: Another threat of increasing import
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Page 57 and 58: Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
Page 67 and 68: DistributionSpiders are found in al
Page 69 and 70: Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
Page 83 and 84: ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
Page 85 and 86: ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
Page 87 and 88: Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
Page 89 and 90: The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 91 and 92: ConservationSurvival of highly dive
Page 93 and 94: Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
Page 99: Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
Page 103 and 104: fish species such as Chitala chital
Page 105 and 106: Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
Page 113 and 114: of the original forest cover has no
Page 115 and 116: Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
Page 123 and 124: The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 125 and 126: The crocodile populations are under
Page 127 and 128: Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
Page 137 and 138: Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
Page 139 and 140: espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
Page 141 and 142: AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
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Threats to angiosperms may range fr
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Further, evaluation of the conserva
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MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
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Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
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ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
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Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
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Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
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Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
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Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
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Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
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Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
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1. Establishment of a national echi
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Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
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Provisional checklist of soft coral
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Extensive coral growth is limited t
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Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
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Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
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References For Corals Recorded For
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Subgenera have generally not been u
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Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
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Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
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Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
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Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
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Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
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DistributionMany Marine species inc
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Provisional Check List of the Marin
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Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
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Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
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Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
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Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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