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Scientific Name Common Name GCS CriteriaFamily: BalaenopteridaeBalaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepede, 1804E: Mink Whale;S: Minki thalmasa LCBalaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828 E: Sei Whale; S: Sei thalmasa EN A1adBalaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1879 E: Bride's whale; S: Bridege thalmasa DDBalaenoptera musculus Linnaeus, 1758 E: Blue whale; S: Nil thalmasa EN A1abdBalaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) E: Fin Whale; S: Waral thalmasa EN A1dMegaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)E: Hump-backed Whale;S: Molli thalmasa LCFamily: PhyseteridaePhyseter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758 E: Sperm Whale; S: Manda thalmasa VU A1dFamily: KogiidaeKogia breviceps (Balaninville, 1838)E: Pygmy Sperm Whale;S: Kurumanda thalmasa DDKogia sima (Owen, 1866)E: Dwarf Sperm Whale;S: Mitimanda thalmasa DDFamily: ZiphiidaeIndopacetus pacificus Longman, 1926E: Longman’s Beaked Whale;S: Longmange hota ul thalmasa DDMesoplodon densirostris Blainville, 1817E: Blainville's beaked Whale;S: Blanvilge hota ul thalmasa DDMesoplodon hotaula Nishiwaki & Kamiya,1958E: Ginko-toothed Beaked Whale;S: Japan hota ul thalmasa DDE: Cuvier's beak Whale;S: Cuvierge hota ul thalmasa LCZpihius cavirostris Cuvier, 1823Family: DelphinidaeDelphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758 E: Common Dolphin; S: Podu mulla LCFeresa attenuata Gray, 1875E: Pygmy Killer Whale;S: Kuru minimaru thalmasa DDGlobicephala macrorhyncus Gray, 1846E: Short-finned Pilot Whale; S: Keti waralniyamu thalmasaDDGrampus griseus (Cuvier, 1812)E: Rissos Dolphin/ Grey Dolphin;S: Malina mulla LCLagenodelphis hosei Fraser, 1957 E: Fraser's Dolphin; S: Keti hota mulla LCOrcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) E: Killer whale; S: Minimaru thalmasa DDPeponocephala electra (Gray, 1846)E: Melon headed Whale;S: Puhu lolu mulla LCPseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846)E: False Killer Whale;S: Wyaja minimaru thalmasa DDSousa chinensis (Osbeck, 1765)E: Indo-pacific hump-back Dolphin; S:Kabara mullaNTStenella attenuata (Gray, 1846) E: Spotted Dolphin; S: Thith mulla LCStenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) E: Striped Dolphin; S: Wyiram mulla LCStenella longirostris (Gray, 1828) E: Spinner Dolphin; S: Sannali mulla DDSteno bredanensis (Lesson, 1828)E: Rough-toothed Dolphin;S: Ralu dath mulla LCTursiops truncatus (Monotagu, 1821)E: Bottle nosed Dolphin;S: Digasumbu mulla LCTursiops aduncus (Ehrenberg, 1833)E: Indo-pacific Bottlenosed Dolphin; S: Indudigasumbu mullaDDFamily: PhocoenidaeNeophocaena phocaenoides (Cuvier, 1829) E: Finless Porpoise; S: Awaral mulla VU A2cdeFamily: DugongidaeDugong dugong (Muller, 1776) E: Dugong; S: Muhudu Ura VU A2bcd144
Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka WeerakoonDepartment of Zoology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03Altogether 748 inland indigenous vertebrate species were assessed. However, the 30 marinemammals were excluded from the analysis due to insufficient data. For them only the global listingis provided. Out of these 345 (46%) species were evaluated to be Nationally Threatened (Table 1).Among the threatened vertebrate species, 233 (68%) are endemic to Sri Lanka. Nineteen speciesof endemic amphibians have not been recorded in Sri Lanka during the past 100 years, and thesewere considered as Extinct. Further, two species of fish, one species of amphibian and 1 speciesof reptile were listed as possibly extinct as there are no recent records for this species. Of thesurviving inland vertebrates, 122 species are Critically Endangered: i.e., one in every 6 species ofinland indigenous vertebrates of Sri Lanka is currently facing a high risk of extinction (CR) in thewild. Among the total endemic vertebrate species, 92 (29%) are Critically Endangered, 98 (31%)are Endangered and 39 (12%) are Vulnerable. Among the vertebrate fauna, the highest numberof threatened species was recorded among reptiles (107 or 31%), followed by amphibians, birds,mammals and freshwater fish. One in every two species of freshwater fish, amphibians, reptilesand mammals and one in every five species of birds in the island are currently facing the risk ofbecoming extinct in the wild.Among the selected groups of inland invertebrate fauna evaluated, the highest number of threatenedspecies was recorded among the Land snails (179), followed by bees, butterflies, spiders,dragonflies, ants and freshwater crabs (Table1). However, within a single group of invertebratesevaluated, the highest proportion of threatened species was recorded among the freshwater crabs(90% of the total crab species recorded to date), where one in every two species in Sri Lanka iscurrently facing an immediate and extremely high risk of extinction (CR) in the wild.Of the vertebrate species evaluated, five freshwater fish, three amphibians, 15 reptiles, 35 birdsand seven mammals were assessed as Near Threatened (NT). Similarly, among the evaluatedinvertebrate species, eight spiders, five freshwater crabs, 17 dragonflies, 12 bees, 21 butterfliesand 12 land snails were evaluated as Near Threatened.Among the inland vertebrate species evaluated, nine freshwater fish, one amphibian, 27 reptilesand six mammals were included in the Data Deficient category. Among the invertebrate speciesassessed, 394 spiders, 11 dragonflies, 109 ants, 06 butterflies and 36 land snails had to beincluded in the Data Deficient category, because they lacked sufficient distribution data withinSri Lanka. The number of species listed in the data deficient category is extremely high among thespiders and ants as very little information exists about members of these two groups. However, theywere included in the assessment to encourage further study of these two economically importanttaxonomic groups.145
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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Page 123 and 124: The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 125 and 126: The crocodile populations are under
Page 127 and 128: Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
Page 137 and 138: Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
Page 139 and 140: espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
Page 141 and 142: AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
Page 159 and 160: Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
Page 161 and 162: Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
Page 167: Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
Page 171 and 172: Table 2. The geographic distributio
Page 173 and 174: TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
Page 175 and 176: ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
Page 177 and 178: Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
Page 179 and 180: Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
Page 181 and 182: Family/ Scientific Name Common name
Page 189 and 190: Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
Page 191 and 192: Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
Page 193 and 194: Prominent plant families in dry for
Page 195 and 196: According to the plant records avai
Page 197 and 198: is very likely to devastate this ec
Page 199 and 200: Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
Page 201 and 202: DistributionHigh degree of endemism
Page 203 and 204: - Taxonomic research on closely rel
Page 205 and 206: Present Status of Montane Forests i
Page 207 and 208: Death of trees in the montane fores
Page 209 and 210: Conservation of our mountain forest
Page 211 and 212: (saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
Page 213 and 214: category (CR); three under Endanger
Page 215 and 216: and eutrophication (due to agricult
Page 217 and 218: IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
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Threats to angiosperms may range fr
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Further, evaluation of the conserva
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MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
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Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
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ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
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Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
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Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
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Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
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Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
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Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
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Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
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1. Establishment of a national echi
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Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
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Provisional checklist of soft coral
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Extensive coral growth is limited t
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Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
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Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
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References For Corals Recorded For
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Subgenera have generally not been u
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Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
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Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
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Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
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Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
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Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
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DistributionMany Marine species inc
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Provisional Check List of the Marin
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Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
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Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
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Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
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Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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