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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Criteria GCS CriteriaTaruga fastigo Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2001Taruga longinasus (Ahl, 1931)Family: IcthyophiidaeIchthyophis glutinosus (Linnaeus,1758)Ichthyophis orthoplicatus Taylor,1965Ichthyophis pseudangularis Taylor,1965E:Morningside treefrog; S:Ensal watta gasmadiyaE:Long-snouted treefrog; S:Dik hombu gasmadiyaE:Ceylon caecilian;S: Kaha hiridandaE:Pattipola caecilian;S:Dumburu hiridandaE:Lesser yellowbanded caecilian; S:Kuda kaha hiridandaCRENVUENB1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)B1ab(iii)B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)CRENVUB1ab(iii)B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)B1ab(iii)EN B2ab(iii) VU B1ab(iii)98
The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of the Reptile Fauna in Sri LankaL. J. Mendis WickramasingheHerpetological Foundation of Sri Lanka, 31/5, Alwis Town, Hendala, Wattala, Sri LankaIntroductionSince the description of the first reptile, Cylindrophis maculate (syn. Anguis maculata) fromSri Lanka by Carl Linnaeus in 1754, large number of reptile species have been recordedfrom Sri Lanka (Batuwita and Bahir, 2005; Batuwita and Pethiyagoda, 2007; Das, et al.2008; Deraniyagala 1953 and 1955; de Silva 1980; de Silva 1990; Gans & Fetcho, 1982;Gower and Maduwage 2011; Greer, 1991; Manamendra-Arachchi, et al. 2007; Pethiyagoda &Manamendra-Arachchi, 1998; Smith 1933, 1935 & 1943, Smith et al. 2008; Taylor 1950a, 1950b& 1953, Wall 1921; Wickramasinghe, et al. 2009, Wood et.al., 2012). These published worksindicates that Sri Lanka is endowed with a rich reptile fauna. The current list of reptile fauna ofSri Lanka comprise of 211 species of which 59% (124) are considered as endemic species. Thereptile fauna can be further categorized in to 103 species of serpentoid reptiles (49 endemic)belonging to 10 families, one Subfamilie and 40 genera (five endemic - Pseudotyphlops,Aspidura, Balanophis, Cercaspis and Haplocercus), and 108 species of tetrapod reptiles(76 endemic) belonging to 12 families with 34 genera (six endemic - Ceratophora, Cophotis,Lyriocephalus, Chalcidoseps, Nessia and Lankascincus).TaxonomySince the publication of the 2007 Red List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka, 24 newspecies have been added to the list of reptiles in Sri Lanka. Out of these, 17 are new to sciencethat includes four species of serpentoid reptiles Calliophis haematoetron (Smith et al. 2008),Rhinophis erangaviraji (Wickramasinghe, et al. 2009), Rhinophis lineatus, and Rhinophiszigzag (Gower and Maduwage 2011), and 13 species of tetrapod reptiles Cnemaspis amith,C. clivicola, C. kallima, C. latha, C. menikay, C. pava, C. phillipsi, C. pulchara, C. punctata,C. silvula, C. upendrai (Manamendra-Arachchi, et al. 2007), Lankascincus greeri (Batuwitaand Pethiyagoda 2007), Eutropis tammanna (Das, et al. 2008). The remaining seven specieshas resulted due to three re-validations Hypnale zara (Gray, 1849) by Maduwage et al. 2009and Dendrelaphis schokari (Kuhl, 1820) by Rooijen & Vogel 2008 and Hemidactylus pieresiiKelaart, 1853 by Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2012, a probable new species Hypnale sp. ‘amal’(Maduwage et al. 2009), two new records for Sri Lanka Hydrophis fasciatus (Abyerami andSivashanthini 2008) and Chalcides cf. ocellatus that resulted in a range extension of the genusChalcides from India to Sri Lanka (Karunarathna et al. 2008), and finally Enhydris enhydris(Schneider, 1799) was included since a specimen from Sri Lanka (CAS 12767) was examinedand identified by Murphy & Voris (2005) from the California Academy of Science.Number of taxonomic revisions has taken place during the last decade resulting in changesin reptile nomenclature at family, genus and species level. Nine genera belonging to thefamily Colubridae which consisted of 22 genera earlier have been placed under two otherfamilies based on molecular studies (genera Cerberus, Enhydris and Gerarda are included infamily Homolapsidae, and genera Amphiesma, Atretium, Argyrogena, Aspidura, Balanophis,Macropisthodon,and Xenochrophis are included in family Natricidae Vidal et al. 2009; Zaheret al. 2009). Genus level name changes included Sphenomorphus dorsicatenatus beingchanged to Lankascincus dorsicatenatus (Batuwita and Pethiyagoda, 2007), all members ofthe genus Mabuya being placed under the genus Eutropis (Mausfeld and Schmitz, 2003), andCosymbotus platyurus being changed to Hemidactylus platyurus (Carranza and Arnold, 2006).Several species level name changes have also been affected resulting in Lissemys punctata99
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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Page 83 and 84: ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
Page 85 and 86: ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
Page 87 and 88: Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
Page 89 and 90: The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 91 and 92: ConservationSurvival of highly dive
Page 93 and 94: Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
Page 101 and 102: The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 103 and 104: fish species such as Chitala chital
Page 105 and 106: Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
Page 113 and 114: of the original forest cover has no
Page 115 and 116: Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
Page 121: Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
Page 125 and 126: The crocodile populations are under
Page 127 and 128: Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
Page 137 and 138: Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
Page 139 and 140: espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
Page 141 and 142: AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
Page 159 and 160: Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
Page 161 and 162: Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
Page 169 and 170: Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
Page 171 and 172: Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
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Threats to angiosperms may range fr
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Further, evaluation of the conserva
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MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
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Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
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ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
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Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
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Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
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Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
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Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
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Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
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Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
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1. Establishment of a national echi
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Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
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Provisional checklist of soft coral
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Extensive coral growth is limited t
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Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
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Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
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References For Corals Recorded For
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Subgenera have generally not been u
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Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
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Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
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Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
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Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
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Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
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DistributionMany Marine species inc
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Provisional Check List of the Marin
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Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
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Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
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Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
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Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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