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Scientific NameCommonName NCS Criteria GCS CriteriaOziothelphusa hippocastanum(Muller, 1887) EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) VUOziothelphusa intuta Bahir & Yeo,2005 CR B2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Oziothelphusa kodagoda Bahir &Yeo, 2005 CR B2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Oziothelphusa mineriyaensisBott,1970 EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) LCOziothelphusa populosa Bahir &Yeo, 2005 EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) EN B1ab(iii)Oziothelphusa ritigala Bahir &Yeo, 2005 EN B1ab(iii) VU D2Oziothelphusa stricta Ng & Tay,2001 NT VU B1ab(iii)Pastilla ruhuna Ng & Tay, 2001 CR B2ab(iii) EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia cracens Ng,1995 CR B2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia enodis Kingsley,1880 CR B2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia fenestra Bahir & Yeo,2005 CR B2ab(iii) VU D2Perbrinckia fido Bahir, 2001 CR B2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia gabadagei Bahir &Yeo, 2005 CR B2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia glabra Ng, 1995 CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia integra Ng, 1995 EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) VU D2Perbrinckia morayensis Ng & Tay,2001 CR B2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia nana (Bahir,1999) EN B1ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia punctata Ng, 1995“Pulli PathanKakuluwa” CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia quadratus Ng & Tay,2001 CR B2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia rosae Bahir & Yeo,2005 CR B2ab(iii) CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)Perbrinckia scitula Ng, 1995 CR B2ab(iii) LCPerbrinckia uva Bahir,1998 CR B2ab(iii)Spiralothelphusa fernando Ng,1994 EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) EN B1ab(iii)Spiralothelphusa parvula(Fenando,1961) EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) EN B1ab(iii)Perbrinckia scansor (Ng, 1995) EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) LC64
The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of the Land snails in Sri Lanka:K. B. Ranawana 1 and T. G. M. Priyadarshana 21Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya210/8 Theleawala Road, Mount LaviniaIntroductionMolluscs (snails and slugs) are the second most diverse animal phyla after arthropods (Solem,1981; Emberton et al., 1997). Majority of the molluscs are aquatic (marine and freshwater),whereas only 25% comprise of terrestrial species (Emberton et al., 1997). Class Gastropodais the largest class of mollusks, which is considered as the most successful of all molluscanclasses and they have colonized a wide range of habitats including land, freshwater andmarine environments. Prosobranchia, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata are the three majorsubclasses of class Gastropoda. Majority of Opisthobranchs are marine inhabitants. Molluscsare important elements in the studies on mechanisms of evolution and examining the effects ofecology on evolutionary change (Crampton, 1932; Cain and Sheppard 1950; Cain and Currey,1963; Cowie, 1992; Johnson et al., 1993). Their low vagility also makes them suitable asindicators for biogeographical studies of early tectonic events (Solem, 1981). Due to their lowmobility, land snails have become models for studying the effects of pesticides and influenceof the activities of man in altering the environment.Of the 253 species of land snails recorded from the country, 166 species belong to Sub classPulmonata and is represented by 28 families. The remaining 87 species belong to the subclassProsobranchia, which is represented by four families. This indicates that the pulmonate groupdominates land snails in Sri Lanka. The families Ariophantidae (mainly Cryptozona andEuplecta) with 50 species and Glessulidae (22 species) are the largest pulmonate familiesfound in the country. Cyclophoridae (54 species) is the largest Prosobranch family.TaxonomyTaxonomic status of some of the land snail groups in Sri Lanka needs to be thoroughly revised.For instance ‘Digoniaxis’ cingalensis (Benson 1863) was described from a single specimencollected by Edgar Layard close to Matale, North of Kandy, Sri Lanka. The taxonomic status of D.cingalensis remains a mystery because the type species of the genus Digoniaxis Jousseaume,1894 was found on a beach near Aden, Yemen, which proves to be a marine pyramidellid.DistributionA significant portion of Sri Lankan snail fauna consists of Gondwana relicts, with origins datingback prior to the breakup of the southern super-continent over 100 million years ago (Naggset al., 2003). Sri Lankan land snails are considered as the most distinct in the South AsianRegion, despite their faunistic affinities with the Indian mainland (Naggs et al., 2003). Speciesrichness and endemicity are high among Sri Lankan land snails (Naggs et al., 2003). Of the253 species of land snails recorded from the country, majority (205 species, approximately81%) are categorized as endemic according to the current available data. Further five landsnail genera are considered to be endemic to Sri Lanka. These include four stylommatophoran65
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 37 and 38: fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
Page 39 and 40: Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
Page 41 and 42: Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
Page 45 and 46: L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
Page 47 and 48: Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
Page 49 and 50: Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
Page 51 and 52: DistributionThe distribution of but
Page 53 and 54: Another threat of increasing import
Page 55 and 56: van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
Page 67 and 68: DistributionSpiders are found in al
Page 69 and 70: Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
Page 83 and 84: ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
Page 85 and 86: ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
Page 87: Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
Page 91 and 92: ConservationSurvival of highly dive
Page 93 and 94: Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
Page 101 and 102: The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 103 and 104: fish species such as Chitala chital
Page 105 and 106: Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
Page 113 and 114: of the original forest cover has no
Page 115 and 116: Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
Page 123 and 124: The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 125 and 126: The crocodile populations are under
Page 127 and 128: Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
Page 137 and 138: Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
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Threats to angiosperms may range fr
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Further, evaluation of the conserva
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MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
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Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
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ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
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Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
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Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
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Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
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Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
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Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
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Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
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1. Establishment of a national echi
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Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
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Provisional checklist of soft coral
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Extensive coral growth is limited t
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Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
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Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
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References For Corals Recorded For
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Subgenera have generally not been u
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Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
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Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
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Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
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Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
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Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
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DistributionMany Marine species inc
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Provisional Check List of the Marin
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Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
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Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
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Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
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Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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