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1, 5, 21, 23Family: MonodactylidaeEchidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789)Monodactylus argenteus (Linneaus, 1758) 1, 51, 21Echidna xanthospilos (Bleeker, 1859)Monodactylus falciformis Lacepede, 1801 1Echidna polyzona (Richardson, 1845) 22Monodactylus kottelati Pethiyagoda, 1991 1Enchelycore bayeri (Schultz, 1953) 22Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw, 1797) 5Family: MoridaeGymnothorax favagineus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) 1, 5Physiculus argyropastus Alcock, 1893 1Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1831) 1Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw and Nodder, 1795) 1Family: MoringuidaeGymnothorax pseudothyrsoidea (Bleeker, 1852) 1Moringua bicolor Kaup, 1856 11, 22Gymnothorax punctatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)1, 21Gymnothorax rueppellii (McClelland, 1844)1, 23Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepede, 1803)Family: Mugilidae2, 23Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859)Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1849) 1Gymnothorax breedeni McCosker & Randall, 1977Liza melinoptera (Valenciennes, 1836) 221Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker, 1857)Liza parsia (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) 122Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) 1Gymnothorax chilospilus (Bleeker, 1856) 221, 21Liza tade (Forsskal, 1775) Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker & Randall, 1982 22Liza vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) 1Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830) 22Mugil cephalus Linneaus, 1758 1Gymnothorax herrei Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933 22Oedalechilus labiosus (Valenciennes, 1836) 1Gymnothorax melanospilus (Bennett,) 221, 20Sicamugil cascasia (Hamilton, 1822) Gymnothorax permistus (Smith, 1962) 22Valamugil buchanani (Bleeker, 1853) 1Gymnothorax pindae Smith, 1962 22Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) 1Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker, 1853) 22Valamugil seheli (Forsskal, 1775) 1Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906 22Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker, 1858) 11, 21Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789)1, 20Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson, 1845)Family: Mullidae21, 22Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède, 1803)Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepede, 1802) 1, 51, 21Pseudechidna brummeri (Bleeker, 1859)Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831) 1Rhinomuraena quaesita Garman, 1888 5Mulloidichthys mimicus Randall & Gueze, 1980 221, 21Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822)Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepede, 1801) 1Uropterygius concolor (Ruppell, 1835) 1Parupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepede, 1801) 1, 5Uropterygius marmoratus (Lacepede, 1803) 11, 21Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacepède, 1802)Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepede, 1801) 1, 5Family: MyctophidaeParupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803) 1, 518, 21Diaphus knappi Nafpaktitis, 1978Parupeneus macronema (Lacepede, 1801) 1, 51, 21Diaphus splendidus (Brauer, 1904)Parupeneus rubescens (Lacepede, 1801) 1Lampanyctus macropterus (Brauer, 1904) 181, 21Upeneus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782)Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855) 1Family: NemipteridaeUpeneus sulphureus Cuvier, 1829 1Nemipterus bipunctatus (Ehrenberg, 1830) 1Upeneus sundaicus (Bleeker, 1855) 1Nemipterus furcosus (Valenciennes, 1831) 1Upeneus taeniopterus Cuvier, 1829 1Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) 1Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1845 1Nemipterus nematophorus (Bleeker, 1853) 1Upeneus vittatus (Forsskal, 1775) 1Nemipterus peronii (Valenciennes, 1830) 1Nemipterus randalli Russell, 1986 1Family: MuraenesocidaeNemipterus zysron (Bleeker, 1856-57) 1Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829) 1Nemipterus hexodon (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) 18Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853) 1Parascolopsis aspinosa (Rao and Rao, 1981) 1Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) 1Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan and Richardson, 1909) 1Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskal, 1775) 1Parascolopsis inermis (Schlegel, 1843) 11, 21Serrivomer beanii Gill & Ryder, 1883 1, 20Scolopsis bilineata (Bloch, 1793)1, 21Scolopsis bimaculatus Ruppell, 1828Family: Muraenidae1, 21Scolopsis taeniatus (Ehrenberg, 1830)Echidna delicatula (Kaup, 1856) 1 1, 21Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792)422
Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson, 1863 18Family: Percophidae1, 18, 21Bembrops caudimacula Steindachner, 1876Family: NomeidaeCubiceps whiteleggii (Waite, 1894)Family: OgcocephalidaeCoelophrys micropa (Alcock, 1891)Halieutaea stellata (Vahl, 1797) 118, 211, 21Family: Ophichthidae19, 21Bascanichthys kirkii (Günther, 1870)19, 21Callechelys marmorata (Bleeker, 1853)19, 21Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett, 1839)Muraenichthys gymnopterus (Bleeker, 1853) 19Myrichthys colubrinus (Boddaert, 1781) 5Myrichthys maculosus (Cuvier, 1816) 519, 21Ophichthus rutidoderma (Bleeker, 1853)19, 20Ophichthus apicalis (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830)19, 20Ophichthus altipennis (Kaup, 1856)19, 21Ophichthus polyophthalmus Bleeker, 186419, 20Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson, 1848)Family: OphidiidaeHephthocara simum (Alcock, 1892) 1Monomitopus conjugator (Alcock, 1896) 1Hypopleuron caninum Smith & Radcliffe, 1913Family: OstraciidaeLactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) 5Lactoria fornasini (Biancorni, 1846) 19Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 55, 7, 19Ostracion meleagris Shaw, 1796Ostracion tuberculatum Linnaeus, 1758 7Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) 5Family: ParalepididaeLestidium nudum Gilbert, 1905 1818, 20Family: ParalichthyidaePseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) 1Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogiby, 1912 1Pseudorhombus javanicus (Bleeker, 1853) 1Pseudorhombus malayanus Bleeker, 1866 1Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Schneider, 1801) 1Family: PeristediidaePeristedion riversandersoni Alcoclk, 1894 19Peristedion halyi (Day, 1888) 1919, 21Satyrichthys adeni (Lloyd, 1907)Family: PinguipedidaeParapercis clathrata Ogilby, 1910 5Parapercis cylindrical (Bloch, 1792) 5Parapercis hexophthalma (Ehrenberg, 1829) 1, 5Parapercis millepunctata (Gunther, 1860) 1, 5Parapercis pulchella (Schlegel, 1843) 1Parapercis punctata (Cuvier, 1829) 1Parapercis robinsoni (Fowler, 1932) 1Parapercis signata Randall, 1984 5Family: PlatycephalidaeCociella crocodile (Tilesius, 1812) 1Grammoplites scaber (Linneaus, 1758) 1Grammoplites suppositus (Troschel, 1840) 1Inegocia japonica (Tilesius, 1812) 1Platycephalus indicus (Linneaus, 1758) 1Rogadius pristiger (Cuvier, 1829) 1Rogadius serratus (Cuvier, 1829) 1Sorsogona tuberculata (Cuvier, 1829) 1Suggrundus macracanthus (Bleeker, 1869) 1Family: PlesiopidaePlesiops nigricans (Ruppell, 1828) 1Family: PleuronectidaePoecilopsetta colorata Gunther, 1880 1Poecilopsetta praelonga Alcock, 1894 1Samaris cristatus Gray, 1831 1Samariscus longimanus Norman, 1927 1Family: PlotosidaePlotosus canius Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822 1Plotosus limbatus Valenciennes, 1840 1Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) 1, 5Family: PolymyxiidaePolymixia japonica Günther, 187718, 21Family: PempheridaePempheris oualensis Cuvier, 1831 2Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker, 1855 2Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier, 1831 22Parapriacanthus spp. 2Family: PolynemidaeEleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804) 1Filimanus similis Feltes, 1991 1Filimanus xanthonema (Valenciennes, 1831) 11, 21Leptomelanosoma indicum (Shaw, 1804)1, 21Polydactylus sexfilis (Valenciennes, 1831)1, 21Polydactylus sextarius (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)423
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
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Threats to angiosperms may range fr
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Further, evaluation of the conserva
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MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
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Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
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ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
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Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
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Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
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Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
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Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
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Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
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Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
Page 395 and 396: 1. Establishment of a national echi
Page 397 and 398: Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
Page 399 and 400: Provisional checklist of soft coral
Page 401 and 402: Extensive coral growth is limited t
Page 403 and 404: Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
Page 405 and 406: Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
Page 407 and 408: References For Corals Recorded For
Page 409 and 410: Subgenera have generally not been u
Page 411 and 412: Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
Page 413 and 414: Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
Page 415 and 416: Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
Page 417 and 418: Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
Page 419 and 420: Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
Page 421 and 422: DistributionMany Marine species inc
Page 423 and 424: Provisional Check List of the Marin
Page 425 and 426: Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
Page 427 and 428: Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
Page 429 and 430: Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
Page 431 and 432: Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
Page 433 and 434: References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
Page 435 and 436: Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
Page 437 and 438: ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
Page 439 and 440: Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
Page 441 and 442: Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
Page 443 and 444: Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
Page 445: 1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
Page 449 and 450: Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
Page 451 and 452: Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
Page 453 and 454: 1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
Page 455 and 456: Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
Page 457 and 458: Tropical agricultural research. 20:
Page 459 and 460: Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
Page 461 and 462: Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
Page 463 and 464: Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
Page 465 and 466: Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
Page 467 and 468: A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
Page 469 and 470: Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
Page 471 and 472: 9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
Page 473 and 474: Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
Page 475 and 476: Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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