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Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus, 1766) 22Taenianotus triacanthus Lacepede, 1802 22Tetraroge niger (Cuvier, 1829)20, 22Family: Serranidae1, 21Aethaloperca rogaa (Forsskal, 1775)1, 5, 7, 23Cephalopholis argus (Schneider, 1801)Cephalopholis aurantia (Schneider, 1801) 11, 5, 7Cephalopholis boenack (Bloch, 1790)Cephalopholis formosa (Shaw, 1804) 1, 5Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacepede, 1801) 11, 5, 14Cephalopholis minata (Forsskal, 1775)Cephalopholis sexmaculata (Ruppell, 1828) 1, 5Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1825) 1, 2Cephalopholis urodeta (Forster, 1801) 1Cromileptes altivelis (Valenciennes, 1828) 1Diploprion bifasciatum Cuvier, 1828 1Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskal, 1775) 1Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1877) 1Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790) 1, 5Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) 1Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) 1Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes, 1828) 1Epinephelus erythrurus (Valenciennes, 1828) 1Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskal, 1775) 1Epinephelus faveatus (Valenciennes, 1828) 11, 5, 9Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepede, 1802)Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskal, 1775) 1Epinephelus hexagonatus (Schneider, 1801) 11, 5, 9Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790)Epinephelus latifasciatus (Temminck and Schlegel,1842) 1Epinephelus longispinis (Kner, 1865) 11, 14Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)1, 23Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793Epinephelus poecilonotus (Temminck andSchlegel, 1842) 11, 20Epinephelus radiatus (Day, 1867)Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskal, 1775) 1Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959 11, 14Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)Epinephelus rivulatus (Valenciennes, 1830) 22Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz, 1953 22Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg, 1792) 1, 5Plectropomus laevis (Lacepede, 1801) 1, 5Plectropomus pessuliferus (Fowler, 1904) 1Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes, 1830) 5Pseudanthias cooperi (Regan, 1902) 5Pseudanthias evansi (Smith, 1954) 5Pseudanthias hypselosoma Bleeker, 1878 5Pseudanthias ignites (Randall & Lubbock, 1981) 5Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters, 1855) 5Rabaulichthys stigmaticus Randall & Pyle, 1989 5Variola albimarginata (Baissac, 1952) 1, 5Variola louti (Forsskal, 1775) 1, 5Family SiganidaeSiganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) 1Siganus javus (Linneaus, 1766) 1Siganus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1835) 1Siganus spinus (Linneaus, 1758) 1Siganus stellatus (Forsskal, 1775) 1Siganus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835) 1Siganus virgatus (Valenciennes, 1835) 1Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) 22Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787) 22Family SillaginidaeSillago aeolus Jordan and Evermann, 1902 1Sillago ingenuua McKay, 1985 1Sillago lutea McKay, 1985 1Sillago sihama (Forsskal, 1775) 1Sillago vincenti McKay, 1980 1Family SoleidaeBrachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)Heteromycteris oculus (Alcock, 1889) 1Solea elongata Day, 1877 11, 21Synaptura commersonnii (Lacepède, 1802)Zebrias quagga Kaup, 1858 1Zebrias synapturoides (Jenkins, 1910) 1Family: SolenostomidaeSolenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770) 1, 5Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1854 22Solenostomus spp. 2Family: SparidaeAcanthopagrus berda (Forsskal, 1775) 1Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskal, 1775) 1Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1758) 1Argyrops spinifer (Forsskal, 1775) 1Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskal, 1775) 1Family: SphyraenidaeSphyraena acutipinnis Day, 1876 1Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum, 1792) 1Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829 1Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829 1Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 1Family: SternoptychidaePolyipnus spinosus Gunther, 1887 18Family: StomiidaeAstronesthes richardsoni (Poey, 1852) 18Stomias nebulosus (Alcock, 1889) 11, 21426
Family StromateidaePampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) 1Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788) 1Family: SyngnathidaeCorythoichthys amplexus Dawson & Randall, 1975 519, 21Corythoichthys flavofasciatus (Rüppell, 1838)21, 22Doryrhamphus excisus Kaup, 185620, 22Doryrhamphus janssi (Herald & Randall, 1972)Doryrhamphus spp. 219, 21Halicampus grayi Kaup, 1856Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852 5Hippocampus fuscus Ruppell 1838 22Hippocampus spinosissimus Weber 1913 2219, 20Ichthyocampus carce (Hamilton, 1822)Microphis brachyurus (Bleeker, 1854) 1919, 20Microphis cuncalus (Hamilton, 1822)19, 21Siokunichthys southwelli (Duncker, 1910)Syngnathoides biaculeatus (Bloch, 1785) 1919, 20Trachyrhampus serratus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)Trachyrhampus longirostris Kaup, 1856 19Family: ToxotidaeToxotes chatareus (Hamilton – Buchanan, 1822) 1Family: TrachichthyidaeGephyroberyx darwinii (Johnson, 1866) 1Hoplostethus mediterraneus Cuvier, 1829 1Family: TriacanthidaeHalimochirurgus centriscoides Alcock, 1899 18Pseudotriacanthus striglifer (Cantor, 1849) 11, 19Triacanthus biaculeatus (Bloch, 1786)Family: TrichiuridaeEupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker, 1866) 1Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray, 1831) 1Lepturacanthus pantului (Gupta, 1966) 1Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829) 1Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta, 1966 1Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 1Family: TrichonotidaeTrichonotus setiger Bloch and Schneider, 18011, 20Family: SynodontidaeSaurida nebulosa (Valenciennes, 1849) 1Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) 1Saurida undosquamis Richardson, 1848 1Synodus binotatus Schultz, 1953 1Synodus dermatogenys Fowler, 1912 1Synodus indicus (Day, 1873) 1Synodus jaculum Russell and Cressey, 1979 1Synodus sageneus Waite, 1905 11, 22Synodus variegatus (Lacepede, 1803)Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801) 1Family: TerapontidaePelates quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) 1Terapon jarbua (Forsskal, 1775) 1Terapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) 1Terapon theraps (Cuvier, 1829) 1Family: Triglidae1, 21Lepidotrigla longipinnis Alcock, 1890Lepidotrigla faurei (Gilchirst & Thompson, 1914) 1818, 20Pterygotrigla leptacanthus (Günther, 1880)Family: TripterygiidaeTripterigion spp. 2Family: UranoscopidaeIchthyscopus lebeck Bloch and Schneider, 1801Family: VeliferidaeVelifer hypselopterus Bleeker, 1879Family: XiphidaeXiphias gladius Linnaeus, 175818, 211, 6, 13, 141, 21Family: TetraodontidaeArothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 2, 52, 5, 23Arothron meleagris (Anonymous, 1798)Arothron mappa (Lesson, 1831) 5Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) 520, 22Arothron stellatus (Anonymous, 1798)Arothron immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 222, 5, 23Canthigaster solandri (Richardson, 1845)Canthigaster janthinoptera (Bleeker, 1855) 5Canthigaster valentine (Bleeker, 1853) 5Canthigaster coronata (Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875) 7Family: ZanclidaeZanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758)1, 5, 7, 23Family: ZenionidaeZenion leptolepis (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924)Cartilaginous Fishes.Sharks.Family: AlopiidaeAlopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1839) 17Alopias pelagicus (Nakamura, 1935) 171, 16, 1718, 21427
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
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Threats to angiosperms may range fr
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Further, evaluation of the conserva
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MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
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Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
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ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
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Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
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Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
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Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
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Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
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Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
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Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
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1. Establishment of a national echi
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Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
Page 399 and 400: Provisional checklist of soft coral
Page 401 and 402: Extensive coral growth is limited t
Page 403 and 404: Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
Page 405 and 406: Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
Page 407 and 408: References For Corals Recorded For
Page 409 and 410: Subgenera have generally not been u
Page 411 and 412: Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
Page 413 and 414: Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
Page 415 and 416: Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
Page 417 and 418: Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
Page 419 and 420: Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
Page 421 and 422: DistributionMany Marine species inc
Page 423 and 424: Provisional Check List of the Marin
Page 425 and 426: Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
Page 427 and 428: Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
Page 429 and 430: Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
Page 431 and 432: Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
Page 433 and 434: References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
Page 435 and 436: Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
Page 437 and 438: ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
Page 439 and 440: Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
Page 441 and 442: Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
Page 443 and 444: Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
Page 445 and 446: 1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
Page 447 and 448: Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
Page 449: Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
Page 453 and 454: 1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
Page 455 and 456: Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
Page 457 and 458: Tropical agricultural research. 20:
Page 459 and 460: Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
Page 461 and 462: Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
Page 463 and 464: Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
Page 465 and 466: Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
Page 467 and 468: A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
Page 469 and 470: Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
Page 471 and 472: 9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
Page 473 and 474: Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
Page 475 and 476: Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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