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Ranwella, S .P., (1993). A provisional account of some rainforest orchids of Sri Lanka. News Letter, Young Zoologists’Association of Sri Lanka, 3, pp.4-8.Ranwella, S.P., (1995). A Checklist of vertebrates of Bolgoda South Lake Area: with insight on ecology andConservation. Colombo: Young Zoologists Association of Sri Lanka.Rathnayake, N. D., (1994). Reptiles and Amphibians Observed at Mahaweli Systems B and C. Lyriocephalus,1(1&2), pp.48-50.Rathnayake, N. D., (2001). Notes on some amphibians observation in Knuckles range. Lyriocephalus, 4(1&2),pp.121-123.Rathnayake, R. M. W., Jayasekera, L. R. & Solangaarachchi, S. M., (1996). A Quantitative Study of OverstoreyVegetation of an Upper Montane Rain Forest. The Sri Lanka Forester, 3&4, pp.43-49.Rathnayake, R. M. W., (2002). Undergrowth vegetation in dry mixed evergreen forest. Sri Lanka Forester, 25(1&2),pp.37-49.Ratnayeka, S., van Manen, F. T., Pieris, R. & Pragash, V. S. J., (2007). Landscape characteristics of sloth bearrange in Sri Lanka. Ursus, 2(18), pp.189-202.Rodrigo, R. K. et al., (2002). A new site record of Rana gracillis, Gravenhorst, 1829 (Amphibia: Ranidae) fromGodawaya Hambantota district. Sri Lanka Naturalist, 5(3&4), pp.47-49.Rodrigo, R. K. et al., (2004). An observation of a Ranid frog (Haplobatrachus crassus Jerdon, 1853) swallowinga Rhacophorid (Polypodates maculatus Gray, 1834) in Kalamatiya Wildlife Sanctuary, Sri Lanka. Zoos’ printJournal, 19(4), pp.14512.Rosayro, R. A., (1953a). The Field Characters of the tropical wet evergreen Forest of Ceylon. The Ceylon Forester,I(I), pp.25-34.Rosayro, R. A., (1953b).The Field Characters of the tropical wet evergreen Forest of Ceylon. The Ceylon Forester,I(II New series), pp.67-71.Rosayro, R. A., (1953c). Ecological consideration in the management of wet evergreen forest in Ceylon. The CeylonForester, I(II New Series), pp.80-90.Rosayro, R. A., (1961). Nature and Origin of secondary vegetational communities in Ceylon. The Sri Lanka Forester,V(1&2), pp.23-49.Samarakoon, S. P., (1999). Flora of Oliyagankele forest reserve. Sri Lanka Forester, 23(2&4), pp.35-49.Samarasinghe, J., (1996). Regeneration dynamics of silviculturally assisted dry zone scrub vegetation at DambullaArboretum. In: University of Sri Jayewardenepura, the 1 st Annual Forestry Symposium. Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka,1995. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka,(Proceedings) pp.291-299.Santiapillai, C., Disaanayake, S. R. B. & Wijeyamohan, S., (1995). Habitat enrichment in Block II & IV of the RuhunaNational Park Sri Lanka. Gaja, 14, pp.32-42.Saravankumar, P., Tomooka, N., Kaga, A. & Vaughan, D. A., (2003). Studies on wild relatives of grain legumes inSouthern South Asia with particular reference to the genera Cajanus and Vigna. In: A. H. M. Jayasuriya, &D. A. Vaughan, eds. 2003. Conservation and use of crop wild relatives, Proceedings of the joint Departmentof Agriculture, Sri Lanka and National Institute of Agrobiological Science, Japan. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 3 rdFebruary 2003, Peradeniya: Plant genetic resource center.Senaratne, C. V., (1993). Fauna and Orchids of Ritigala: A checklist. Panivudaya, 3, pp.2-3.Senaratne, R., (1982a). Preliminary Investigations on Vegetative Propagation of Madhuca longifolia. The Sri LankaForester, New Series XV(1&2), pp.61.Senaratne, R., (1982b). Prospects of Mee (Madhuca longifolia) in Sri Lanka. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife andNature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, 16(1), pp.25-26.Seneviratne, G. I., Abeynayake, K. & Legagala, M. R. K., (1999). Floral diversity of Kalatuwawa-Labugama ForestReserve. In: Sri Lanka National Committee on Man & the Biosphere.; Sri Lanka. Natural Resources, Energy &Science Authority., 1999. 1996 regional seminar on forests of the humid tropics of south and South East Asia.Colombo : National Science Foundation, pp. 95-106.Shirantha, R. R. A. R., (in press). Report on field visit to study current status of two indigenous fish species; Wallagoattu (Family Siluridae) and Tor khudree (Family Cyprinidae) in Gal Oya, Maduru Oya and Mahaweli Rivercatchments in Sri Lanka.Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2008). Puntius kamalika, a new species of barb from Sri Lanka(Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 1824, pp.55–64.Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2010). A review of the genus Rasbora in Sri Lanka with description oftwo new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Icthyol Explor. Freshwaters, 21(1), pp.27-50.366
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Page 339 and 340: Family/ Scientific Name Common name
Page 365 and 366: Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
Page 367 and 368: PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
Page 369 and 370: Threats to angiosperms may range fr
Page 371 and 372: Further, evaluation of the conserva
Page 373 and 374: MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
Page 375 and 376: Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
Page 377 and 378: ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
Page 379 and 380: Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
Page 381 and 382: de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
Page 383 and 384: Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
Page 385 and 386: Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
Page 387 and 388: Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
Page 389: Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
Page 393 and 394: Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
Page 395 and 396: 1. Establishment of a national echi
Page 397 and 398: Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
Page 399 and 400: Provisional checklist of soft coral
Page 401 and 402: Extensive coral growth is limited t
Page 403 and 404: Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
Page 405 and 406: Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
Page 407 and 408: References For Corals Recorded For
Page 409 and 410: Subgenera have generally not been u
Page 411 and 412: Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
Page 413 and 414: Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
Page 415 and 416: Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
Page 417 and 418: Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
Page 419 and 420: Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
Page 421 and 422: DistributionMany Marine species inc
Page 423 and 424: Provisional Check List of the Marin
Page 425 and 426: Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
Page 427 and 428: Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
Page 429 and 430: Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
Page 431 and 432: Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
Page 433 and 434: References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
Page 435 and 436: Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
Page 437 and 438: ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
Page 439 and 440: Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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