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Nathanael, S., Pradeep, D. M. N., Samarakoon, S. M. M. & de Silva, A., (2004). Herpetofaunal diversity with specialreference to endemic and nationally threatened species at Polgolla, an upland area in the mid country zone ofSri Lanka. Lyriocephalus, 5(1&2), pp.86-95.Norris, C. E., (2003). Wilpattu -July 1953. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka,23(1&2), pp.53-59.Nussbaum, R. A. & Gans, C., (1980). On the Ichthyophis (Amphibia:Gymnophiona) of Sri Lanka. Spolia Zeylanica,35(1&2), pp.137-154.David, C., Orme, L., Davies, R. G., Burgess, M., Eigenbrod, F., Pickup, N., Olson, V. A., Webster, A. J., Ding, T. S.,Rasmussen, P. C., Ridgely, R. S., Stattersfield, A. J., Bennett, P. M., Blackburn, T. M., Gaston, K. J. & Owens,I. P. F., (2005). Global hotspots of species richness are not congruent with endemism or threat. Nature, 436,pp.1016-1019.Padilla, F. A. & Benjamin, S. P., (2011). Phylogenetic placement and redescription of the spider genus AtelideaSimon, 1895 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 2761, pp.51–63.Palihawadana, A., (1998). An ecological study of the Cophotis zeylannica. In: A. de Silva, ed. 1998. Biology andconservation of the amphibians, reptiles and their habitats in South Asia. Peradeniya: Amphibia and ReptilesResearch Organization of Sri Lanka, pp. 253-260.Palihawadene, N. S. & Pinto, L., (1989). Survival of seedlings of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. & Ceriops tagal (Perr.)C.B.Rob. under different environmental conditions. The Sri Lanka Forester, 19(1&2), pp.31-39.Parker, L., Nijman, V. & Nekaris, K. A. I., (2008). When there is no forest left: fragmentation, local extinction, and smallpopulation sizes in the Sri Lankan western purple-faced langur. Endangered species research, 5, pp.29-36.Parris, B.S., (2007). Five new genera and three new species of Grammitidaceae (Filicales) and the re-establishmentof Oreogrammitis. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore, 58(2), pp.233-274.Perera, B. M. K. ed., (2002). Biological Diversity and Conservation Stratergy, Kurulukele Area of the KegalleSanctuary. Polgahawela: Sri Lanka Environment Exploration Society, pp.75.Perera, M. S. J. & Rajapakshe, S. S., (2008). Species composition of selected faunal groups in the vicinity of Buttalacampus premises. In: Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Second International Symposium.Perera, M. S. J., Perera, W. P. N., Rodrigo, R. K., Ekanayake, S. P., Bambaradeneya, C. N. B., Samarawickrema,V. A. P. & Wickramasingha, L. J. M., (2005). Occasional Papers of IUCN Sri Lanka No 9: A Biodiversity StatusProfile of Anaiwilundawa Sanctuary- A Ramsar Wetland in the Western Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. Colombo: IUCNSri Lanka.Perera, N. P., (1969). The Ecological status of the Montane Grassland (Patana) of Ceylon. The Ceylon Forester,IX(1&2), pp.27- 52.Perera, N. & Perera, M. S. J., (2001). From the Field Note Books. Sri Lanka Naturalist, 04(01), pp.18-19.Perera, N., (1997). Diplazium subsinuatum; a record of a rare fern from Pannilkanda, Ratnapura district. Sri LankaNaturalist, 1(03&04), pp.29-30.Perera, W. P. N., (2006). Fishes of Wilpattu National Park. Colombo: IUCN Sri Lanka.Pethiyagoda, R., Kottelat, M., Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Meegaskumbura. M., (2008). A review of the genus Laubuca,in Sri Lanka with description of three new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Icthyol Explor. Freshwaters, 19(1),pp.7-26.Pethiyagoda, R., Silva, A. & Maduwage, K., (2008). Mystus ankutta, a new catfish from Sri Lanka (Teleostei:Bagridae). Icthyol Explor. Freshwaters, 19(3), pp.233-242.Pethiyagoda, R., Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Kariyawasam, L., (2008). The Sri Lankan spiny eel, Macrognathuspentopthalmos (Teleostei: Mastacembeleidae) and its enigmatic decline. Zootaxa, 1931, pp.37–48.Pethiyagoda, R., Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Meegaskumbura, M., (2008). Puntius kelumi, a new species of Cyprinidfish from Sri Lanka (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Icthyol Explor. Freshwaters, 19(3), pp.201-214.Pethiyagoda, R., (1998a). What’s new?. Sri Lanka Nature, 2(3), pp.6-7.Pethiyagoda, R., (1998b). What’s new?. Sri Lanka Nature, 2(4), pp.20-22.Phillips, W. W. A., (1976). A Plea for a Change of the Seasons. Loris, the Journal of Wildlife & Nature ProtectionSociety, 14(2), pp.76-78.Popham, F. H. & Neil, P. E., (1994). Dambulla Arboretum-Sri Lanka. Arboriculture Journal, 18, pp. 53-67.Popham, F. H., (1981). The grounds of the cottage Kandalama road, Dambulla, Sri Lanka, Year Book. London:International dendrology society.Pradeep, D. M. N. & Wijegunasekera, H. N. P., (2004). Predatory patterns of paddy field pests by amphibians andreptiles of Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus, 5(1&2), pp.96-102.364
Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibians observed around Galboda waterfall Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus, 4(1&2),pp.101-106.Pradeep, N., Samarakoon, S. M. M. & Nathanael, S., (2003). Diversity of Herpetofauna with special referenceto endemic and nationally threatened species at Polgolla, an upland area in the mid country wet zone of SriLanka.Premathilake, R., Epitawatta, S. & Nilsson, S., (1999). Pollen morphology of some selected plant species fromHorton Plains, Sri Lanka. Grana, 38, pp.289-295.Priyadarshana, T. G. M. & Fernando, S. S., (1996). Biological Exploration of Ritigala Strict Nature Reserve.Panivudaya, 4(3-4), pp.5-8.Priyadarshana, T. G. M. & Fernando, S. S., (1996). Biological Exploration of Ritigala Strict Nature Reserve. NewsLetter, Young Zoologists Association of Sri Lanka, 4(3-4), pp.5-8.Raheem, D. & Butterworth, T., (in press). A survey of land mollusc diversity in south-western Sri Lanka: Final report.Imperial College.Rajakaruna, N. & Baker, A. J., (2004). Serpentine: a model habitat for botanical research in Sri Lanka. The Ceylonjournal of Science (Bio.Sci.), 32, pp.1-19.Rajapaksa, R. P. V. J. & de Silva, A., (2001). Preliminary observation of the parasites of amphibian fauna at HortonPlains National Park. Lyriocephalus, 4(1&2), pp.166-167.Ramanayake, L. et al. eds., (2001). Compendium of Medicinal Plants, Volume I. Colombo: Department of Ayurveda.Ramanayake, L. et al. eds., (2002). Compendium of Medicinal Plants, Volume II. Colombo: Department of Ayurveda.Ramanayake, L. et al. eds., (2003). Compendium of Medicinal Plants, Volume III. Colombo: Department of Ayurveda.Ramanayake, L. et al. eds., (2003). Compendium of Medicinal Plants, Volume IV. Colombo: Department of Ayurveda.Ranasinghe, P. N. & Ratnayake, A., (1992). Fauna and Flora of Dombagaskanda Forest, and its Conservation.Newsletter, Young Zoologists Association of Sri Lanka, p.33.Ranasinghe, P. N. & Fernando, S. S., (1994). Some Ecological observations at Gilimale Proposed Reserve withspecial reference to Family: Orchidacea, Class: Aves and Class: Osteichthyes. Panivudaya, 2(1), pp.2-6.Ranasinghe, P. N. & Senarathne, C. V., (1994). Life at Hortan Plains. Panivudaya, 4(2), pp.1-8.Ranasinghe, P. N. & Illeperuma, D., (2001). Flora of Dombagaskanda, the report of the floral study. Dehiwala: YoungZoologists’ Association of Sri Lanka.Ranawana, K. B. & Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., (1998). Agamid lizards in three montane zone protected areas ofSri Lanka. In: A. de Silva, ed. 1998. Biology and conservation of the amphibians, reptiles and their habitats inSouth Asia. Peradeniya: Amphibia and Reptiles Research Organization of Sri Lanka, pp.261-267.Ranil, R. H. G., Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G., Wijesundera, D. S. A., Dhanasekara, D. M. U. B. & Gunawardena, H.G., (2004). Species Diversity of Pteridophyta in Kanneliya Man & Biosphere Reserve. The Sri Lankan forester,27, pp.1-10.Ranil, R. H. G., Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G., Wijesundara, D. S. A. & Dhanasekara, D. M. U. B., (2008). Domesticationof Cyathea walkerae Hook. Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Science, 45, pp.47-58.Ranil, R. H. G., Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G., Fraser-Jenkins, C. R. & Wijesundara, D. S. A., (2008). Pteridiumrevolutum (Blume) Nakai is not an invasive alien in Sri Lanka. In: Sri Lanka Association for the Advisement ofScience (SLAAS), 2008. The National Symposium on Invasive Alien Species, 2008. Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2008.Colombo: Sri Lanka Association for the Advisement of Science, (Proceeding) pp.77-83.Ranil, R. H. G., Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G., Janssen, T. & Wijesundara, D. S. A., (2009). Diversity and conservationpriorities of scaly tree ferns of Sri Lanka. In: Century Foundation, India, World Biodiversity Congress 2009,Chiang Mai, Thailand. p.84.Ranil, R. H. G., Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G., Wijesundara, D. S. A. & Dhanasekara, D. M. U. B., (2009). Reproductivebiology and variation of endemic Cyathea sinuata hook. & grev.: world’s only simple leaved tree fern. In:Society for Conservation Biology, 23 rd Annual meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology. Beijing, China11-16 July 2009.Ranil, R. H. G., Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G., Samita, S., Wijesundara, D. S. A. & Dhanasekara, D. M. U. B., (2010).Variation of three co-occurring taxa of the genus Cyathea and their relationship in Sinharaja and Kanneliyalowland rain forests of Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research, 21(2), pp.134-146.Ranil, R. H. G., Pushpakumara, D. K. N. G., Janssen, T., Wijesundara, D. S. A. & Dhanasekara, D. U. M. B., (2010).Cyathea srilankensis Ranil (Cyatheaceae): A new tree fern Species from Sri Lanka. American Fern Journal,100(1), pp.39-44.Ranwella, S. P., (1991). Four days in a rain forest. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of SriLanka, 19(4), pp.132-134.365
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Page 337 and 338: Family/ Scientific Name Common name
Page 365 and 366: Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
Page 367 and 368: PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
Page 369 and 370: Threats to angiosperms may range fr
Page 371 and 372: Further, evaluation of the conserva
Page 373 and 374: MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
Page 375 and 376: Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
Page 377 and 378: ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
Page 379 and 380: Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
Page 381 and 382: de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
Page 383 and 384: Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
Page 385 and 386: Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
Page 387: Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
Page 391 and 392: Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
Page 393 and 394: Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
Page 395 and 396: 1. Establishment of a national echi
Page 397 and 398: Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
Page 399 and 400: Provisional checklist of soft coral
Page 401 and 402: Extensive coral growth is limited t
Page 403 and 404: Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
Page 405 and 406: Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
Page 407 and 408: References For Corals Recorded For
Page 409 and 410: Subgenera have generally not been u
Page 411 and 412: Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
Page 413 and 414: Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
Page 415 and 416: Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
Page 417 and 418: Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
Page 419 and 420: Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
Page 421 and 422: DistributionMany Marine species inc
Page 423 and 424: Provisional Check List of the Marin
Page 425 and 426: Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
Page 427 and 428: Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
Page 429 and 430: Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
Page 431 and 432: Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
Page 433 and 434: References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
Page 435 and 436: Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
Page 437 and 438: ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
Page 455 and 456:
Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
Page 457 and 458:
Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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