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Tandon, R., Shivanna, K. R. & Ram, H. Y. M., (2003). Reproductive biology of Butea monosperma (Fabaceae).Annals of Botany, 92, pp.715-723.Tennakoon, K. & Weerasooriya, A., (1998). Nature’s scroungers. The fascinating world of plant parasites. Sri LankaNature, pp.46-58.Tissar, M., (2001). Wilpattu; looking back. Sri Lanka Nature, 3(2), pp.34-39.Tisseverasinghe, A. E. K., (1968). The Bending Properties of Ceylon Timbers-The Bending of Thin Laminae. TheSri Lanka Forester, VIII(3 & 4), p.93.Tissevererasinghe, A. E. K. & Jayathilake, M. P. A., (1973). A Preliminary study of the feeding preferences of drywood termites. The Sri Lanka Forester, XI(1&2 new series), pp.13-17.Tomooka, N. et al., (2003). Field survey of the Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis species in Sri Lanka. In: A. H. M.Jayasuriya, & D. A. Vaughan, eds. 2003. Conservation and use of crop wild relatives, Proceedings of the jointDepartment of Agriculture, Sri Lanka and National Institute of Agrobiological Science, Japan. Peradeniya, SriLanka, 3 rd February 2003, Peradeniya: Plant genetic resource center. (Proceedings) pp.133-150.Tomooka, N., Kaga, A., Vaughan, D. A. & Jayasuriya, A. H. M., (2003). Advances in understanding the genus Vignasubgenus Ceratotropis. In: A. H. M. Jayasuriya, & D. A. Vaughan, eds. 2003. Conservation and use of crop wildrelatives, Proceedings of the joint Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka and National Institute of AgrobiologicalScience, Japan. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 3 rd February 2003, Peradeniya: Plant genetic resource center, pp.21-35.Uduporuwa, R. S. J. P., Singhakumara, B. M. P. & Alston, P. M. S., (1999). Floristic of soil seed banks in relationto light and topographic position in a Sri Lanka rain forest. In: 1996 regional seminar on forests of the humidtropics of South and South East Asia, Colombo: National Science Foundation, pp.235-247.Vaughan, D. A., Liyanage, A. S. U. & Jayasuriya, A. H. M., (2003). Field survey of CC genome wild Oryza speciesin Sri Lanka. In: A. H. M. Jayasuriya, & D. A. Vaughan, eds. 2003. Conservation and use of crop wild relatives,Proceedings of the joint Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka and National Institute of Agrobiological Science,Japan. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 3 rd February 2003, Peradeniya: Plant genetic resource center, pp.151-163.Waduge, R. W., (1995). The Knuckles: a montane forest. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Societyof Sri Lanka, 20(5), pp.218-219.Wanninayake, P. B., Alawathugoda, R. M. D. & Weerawardane, N. D. R., (2004). A preliminary study on floristiccompotion of a rock outcrop dry monsoon forest in Kurunegala district. The Sri Lanka Forester, 27(new series),pp.11-20.Weerakoon, G., Ong-in, T., Ranil, R. H. G. & Harison, R. D., (2009). Effect of soil and canopy cover on the spatialdistribution of ferns in permanent plots in tropical lowland rain forests of Pasoh, Malaysia and Sinharaja, SriLanka. In: The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation., Assessing and Restoring Biodiversity in aHuman Dominated Landscape: ATBC AsiaPacific Chapter annual meeting. Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12 to 15February 2009, pp.28.Weerakoon, W. M. S. K., (2001). Comparative richness of amphibians in habitating the islands at Randenigalareservoir with mainland of the Victoria Randenigala Rantambe (VRR) sanctuary. Lyriocephalus, 4(1&2),pp.124-129.Weerarathne, W. G., (1960). The Taxonomy of the Loranthaceae of Ceylon. The Ceylon Forester, IV(4 new series),pp.365- 375.Weerasooriya, A., (1998). Gordonia- a genus with fascinating endemics in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Nature, 1(3), pp.23-24.Weeratunga, V. (Compiler)., (2010). Wilpattu - Villus and Beyond. Colombo: IUCN Sri Lanka Country Office.Weerawardane, N. D. R., (1999). Natural regeneration of some dry zone forest species assisted by silvaculturalmanagement in dry zone woodland at Dambulla. The Sri Lanka Forester, 23(3&4), pp.7-17.Weerawardhena, S. R., (2001). Some metamorphic stages of the endemic frog Limnonectes greenii (Amphibia:Ranidae) of Sri Lanka. Lyriocephalus, 4(1&2), pp.40-49.Weerawardhena, S. R., Amarasinghe, U. S. & Kotagama, S. W., (2004). Activity pattern and environmental variationof Micro habitats of six toed green frog Euphlyctis hexadactylus Lesson, 1834 (Anura: Ranidae) in Sri Lanka.Lyriocephalus, 5(1&2), pp.111-129.Weil, R. R., (1981). Soil Conservation Needs in the Upper Mahaweli Catchment Watershed Management Project.The Sri Lanka Forester, XV, p. 37.Werner, W. L. & Balasubramaniam, (1992). Structure and dynamics of the upper montane rain forests of Sri Lanka.In: J. G. Goldammer, ed., 1992. Tropical Forests Transition. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG., pp.165-172.Werner, W. L., (1982). The upper montane rain forest of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Forester, 15(3&4), pp.119-1135.Werner, W. L., (1983). Save the Doona-forests. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of SriLanka, 16(4), pp.194-197.368
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Page 341 and 342: Family/ Scientific Name Common name
Page 365 and 366: Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
Page 367 and 368: PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
Page 369 and 370: Threats to angiosperms may range fr
Page 371 and 372: Further, evaluation of the conserva
Page 373 and 374: MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
Page 375 and 376: Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
Page 377 and 378: ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
Page 379 and 380: Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
Page 381 and 382: de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
Page 383 and 384: Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
Page 385 and 386: Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
Page 387 and 388: Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
Page 389 and 390: Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
Page 391: Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
Page 395 and 396: 1. Establishment of a national echi
Page 397 and 398: Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
Page 399 and 400: Provisional checklist of soft coral
Page 401 and 402: Extensive coral growth is limited t
Page 403 and 404: Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
Page 405 and 406: Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
Page 407 and 408: References For Corals Recorded For
Page 409 and 410: Subgenera have generally not been u
Page 411 and 412: Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
Page 413 and 414: Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
Page 415 and 416: Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
Page 417 and 418: Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
Page 419 and 420: Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
Page 421 and 422: DistributionMany Marine species inc
Page 423 and 424: Provisional Check List of the Marin
Page 425 and 426: Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
Page 427 and 428: Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
Page 429 and 430: Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
Page 431 and 432: Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
Page 433 and 434: References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
Page 435 and 436: Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
Page 437 and 438: ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
Page 439 and 440: Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
Page 441 and 442: Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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