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Edwards, G. B. & Benjamin, S. P., (2009). A first look at the phylogeny of the Myrmarachninae, with rediscovery andredescription of the type species of Myrmarachne (Araneae: Salticidae). Zootaxa, 2309, pp. 1–29.Eisenberg, J. F. & Lockhart, M., (1972). An Ecological Reconnaissance of Wilpattu National Park, Ceyon.Smithsonian Contributions Zoology, 101, pp.1-118.Ekanayake, S. P., (1994). A phytosociological study of semi-evergreen forests of Knuckles and Uda Walawe, SriLanka. M.Phil. University of Peradeniya.Ekanayake, S., (2003). Operational guidelines on sustainable utilization of non-timber forest products indemonstration plots at Pitadeniya (Sinharaja) and Kanneliya forest, Sri Lanka. (Unpublished report), pp1-80.Ekaratne, K., Ekaratne, K., Fernando, R. H. S. S., De Silva, S., Bambaradeniya, C. N.B. & De Silva, D., (2003). AComparison of the Conservation and Legal Status of the Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka. Colombo: IUCN SriLanka.Ekanayake, S. P., Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., Perera, W. P. N., Perera, M. S. J., Rodrigo, R. K., Samarawickrama, V.A. M. P. K. & Peiris, T. N., (2005). Occasional Papers of IUCN Sri Lanka No 8: A Biodiversity Status Profile ofLunama-Kalamatiya Wetland Sanctuary. Colombo: IUCN Sri Lanka.Eriyagama G. J., (1961). Semi-arid vegetation in Mannar region. The Ceylon Forester, V(1&2 New Series), pp.66-81.Faegri, K. & van der Pijl, L., (1979). The Principals of Pollination Ecology. Pergamon Press: Oxford, New York.Fernando, .S. S., (2002). A new record of rare mistletoe species (Thw.) Danser (Loranthaceae) from RathnapuraDistrict. Sri Lanka Naturalist, 5(3&4), p.36-38.Fernando, C. J., (1997). Rhododendron. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka,21(4), p.159.Fernando, M., (1980). Indigenous orchids of Sri Lanka. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Societyof Sri Lanka, 15(3), pp.141-145.Fernando, R. H. S. S., (2000a). Flowering of Stemonoporus moonii (Thwaites 1893). Sri Lanka Naturalist, 3(2),p.29.Fernando, R. H. S. S., (2000b). Notes on phenology and conservation of Pteroceras viridiflorum (Thw.) Holttum(Orchidaceae) in Peak Wilderness Sanctuary. Sri Lanka Naturalist, 3(2), pp. 19-21.Fernando, R. H. S. S. & Palihawadana, A., (2001). Bromheadia srilankensis Kruizinga & de Vogel. New Orchidspecies from Sri Lanka: Notes on phenology, ecology and conservation measures. Sri Lanka Naturalist, 4(4),pp. 66-71.Fernando, S. S., Priyadarshana, T. G. M. & Perera, R., (1993). Namunukula Kaduwetiya Ashritha addayanayak (InSinhala). Panivudaya, 4, pp.8-9.Fernando, S. S., Priyadarshana, T. G. M. & Perera, R., (1993). Namunukula Kaduwetiya Ashritha addayanayak.News Letter, Young Zoologists Association of Sri Lanka, 4, pp.8-9, 16.Fernando, S. S., (2001). Rediscovery of Burmannia championia Thw. (Burmanniaceae) from Rathnapura District.Sri Lanka Naturalist, 4(3), p.53.Fernando, S. S., Wickramasingha, L. J. M. & Rodrigo, R. K., (2007). A new species of endemic frog belonging togenus Nannophrys Gunther, 1869 (Anura: Dicroglossinae) from Sri Lanka. Zootaxa, 1403, pp.55-68.Fosberg, F. R., (1971). Psidium L. (Myrtaceae) in Ceylon. The Ceylon journal of Science (Bio.Sci.), 9(2), pp. 58-60.Gabadage, D., Kandenearachchi, L. I., Pererea, R. & Fernando, S. S., (1993). Kanneliya Rakshithaya, AddyanaWarthawa. Panivudaya, 8-9.Galappaththi, R. P. & Jayasuria, G., (1997). A checklist of some of the fauna and flora at Halwathura Marsh land.Sri Lanka Naturalist, 1(2), pp. 13-17.Gamage, H. K., Singhakumara, B. M. P. & Ashton, P. M. S., (1999). Seedling leaf-structure of some leaf-successionalcanopy tree species in simulated light & soil moisture environments of the Sri Lanka rain forest. In: 1996regional seminar on forests of the humid tropics of South and South East Asia, Colombo: National ScienceFoundation, pp.121-142.Gamage, S., Reardon, J. T., Padmalal, U. K. G. K. & Kotagama, S. W., (2010). First physical examination of theHorton Plains slender loris, Loris tardigradus nycticebodies, in 72 years. Primate Conservation, 25, pp.57-60.Goonatilake, M. R. M. P. N. & Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A., (2000). Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)of Handurumulla-Pohonaruwa Forest. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka,22(04).Goonatilake, W. L. D. P.de A., (1993). Zoological Research in Peak Wilderness Sanctuary. Panivudaya, 4, pp.8-9.Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A., (1993a). Faunal Checklist of the Palwatta Sugar Plantation in Buttala.Panivudaya, 4, pp.6.358
Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A., (1993b). Some Scientific results of a visit to Ruhuna (Yala) National Park.Panivudaya, 4, pp.3-4.Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A., (1994). Some Stone impliments from Warnagala Cave in Peak WildernessSanctuary. Panivudaya, pp.8.Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A. (1994). Some Stone impliments from Warnagala Cave in Peak WildernessSanctuary. News Letter, Young Zoologists Association of Sri Lanka, 2(1), p 8.Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S.de A. & Perera, L. J. K. R., (1994). Two Rock Caves from Aduragala. Panivudaya,2(2), pp.6-7.Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A., (1996). Notes on the Life Cycle of Two Common Butterflies Danaus chrysippusL. (Family: Danaidae) and Phalanta phalanta (Family: Nymphalidae). Panivudaya, 1-2(4).Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A. & Goonatilake, M. R. M. P. N., (2001). New Sight Records of Bufo kotagamai(Anura: Bufonidae) from Adavikanda in Eratne and Delwala Proposed Forest Reserve. Sri Lanka Naturalist,4(4), pp.55- 56.Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T.S. de A., Perera, L. J. K. R. & Gabadage, D. E., (2001). Amphibians of Bellanwila-AttidiyaSanctuary. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, 22(5), pp.10-14.Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A., (2006). Mammals of Wilpattu National Park. Colombo: IUCN Sri Lanka CountryOffice.Gower, D. J., Kupfer, A., Oommen, O. V., Himstedt, W., Nussbaum, R. A., Loader, S. P., Presswell, B., Müller, H.,Krishna, S. B., Boistel, R. & Wilkinson, M., (2002). A molecular phylogeny of ichthyophiid caecilians (Amphibia:Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae): Out of India or out of South East Asia? Proc Biol Sci., 269(1500), pp1563-1569.Gower, D. J., Bahir, M. M., Mapatuna, Y., Pethiyagoda, R., Raheem, D. & Wilkinson, M., (2005). MolecularPhylogenetics of Sri Lankan Ichthyophis (Amphibia:Gymnophiona:Ichthyophiidae), with discovery of a crypticspecies. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 12, pp.153-161.Green, M. & Jayasuriya, M., (1996). Lost and Sri Lanka’s rare and endemic plants revealed. Plant Talk, pp. 18-21.Greller, A. M., Gunatilleke, C. V. S., Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N. & Balasubramaniam, S., (1980). A phytosociologicalanalysis of three stands of forest in the vicinity of peradeniya, Kandy district. Sri Lanka Forester, 14(3&4),pp.153-161.Greller, A. M., Balasubramaniam, S., Goonatilleke, C. V. S. & Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., (1981). A botanical excursionacross the Peak Wilderness. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, 15(5),pp.263-264, 276.Greller, A. M., Gunatilleka, I. A. U. N., Gunatilleka, C. V. S., Balasubramaniam, S. & Jayasuriya, A. H. M., (1985).Exploring for Stemonoporus (Dipterocarpaceae) forest in the Peak Wilderness, Loris, Journal of the Wildlifeand Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, 17(1), pp. 5-7.Grismado, C. J., Deeleman, C. & Baehr, B., (2011). The Goblin spider genus Aprusia Simon, 1893 (Araneae:Oonopidae). American museum novitiates, 3706, pp.1-21.Groves, C. P., Rajapaksha, C. & Manamendra-arachchi, K., (2009). The taxonomy of the endemic golden palm civetof Sri Lanka. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, pp.238-251.Gunasekere, S., (2002). Another rare orchid species near endangered (Text in Sinhala), Soba, 8, pp. 67-68.Gunatileke, C. V .S. & Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., (1980). The floristic composition of Sinharaja- a rain forest in SriLanka with special reference to endemics. Sri Lanka Forester, 14(3&4), pp. 171-179.Gunatileke, C. V. S. & Wijesundara, D. S. A., (1982). Ex-situ conservation of woody plant species in Sri Lanka. Loris,Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, 16(2), pp. 73-79.Gunatilleke, C. V. S. & Ashton, P. S., (1987). New light on the plant geography of Ceylon. The ecological biogeographyof the lowland endemic tree flora. Journal of Biogeography, 14, pp. 295-327.Gunatilleke, C. V. S., Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N. & Ashton, P. M. S., (1995). Rain forest research and conservation: theSinharaja experience in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Forester, 22(1&2), pp.49-60.Gunatilleke, C. V. S., Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., Ashton, P. M. S. & Ashton, P. S., (1998). Seedling growth of Shorea(Dipterocarpaceae) across an elevational range in Southwest Sri Lanka. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 14,pp.231-245.Gunatilleke, C. V. S., (1999). Understanding long term vegetation dynamics for management of biodiversity: a SriLanka perspective. In: 1996 regional seminar on forests of the humid tropics of South and South East Asia,Colombo: National Science Foundation, pp.19-25.Gunatilleke, C. V. S. & Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., (2000). Pollination secrets of canopy giants. Sri Lanka Nature, pp.52-64.359
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Page 331 and 332: Family/ Scientific Name Common name
Page 365 and 366: Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
Page 367 and 368: PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
Page 369 and 370: Threats to angiosperms may range fr
Page 371 and 372: Further, evaluation of the conserva
Page 373 and 374: MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
Page 375 and 376: Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
Page 377 and 378: ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
Page 379 and 380: Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
Page 381: de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
Page 385 and 386: Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
Page 387 and 388: Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
Page 389 and 390: Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
Page 391 and 392: Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
Page 393 and 394: Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
Page 395 and 396: 1. Establishment of a national echi
Page 397 and 398: Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
Page 399 and 400: Provisional checklist of soft coral
Page 401 and 402: Extensive coral growth is limited t
Page 403 and 404: Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
Page 405 and 406: Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
Page 407 and 408: References For Corals Recorded For
Page 409 and 410: Subgenera have generally not been u
Page 411 and 412: Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
Page 413 and 414: Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
Page 415 and 416: Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
Page 417 and 418: Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
Page 419 and 420: Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
Page 421 and 422: DistributionMany Marine species inc
Page 423 and 424: Provisional Check List of the Marin
Page 425 and 426: Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
Page 427 and 428: Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
Page 429 and 430: Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
Page 431 and 432: Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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