Dassanayake, M. D., Fosberg, F. R. & Clayton, W. D. eds., (1995). A revised handbook to the flora <strong>of</strong> Ceylon,volume IX. New Delhi: Amer<strong>in</strong>d.Dassanayake, M. D. & Clayton, W. D. eds., (1996). A revised handbook to the flora <strong>of</strong> Ceylon, Volume X. New Delhi:Oxford IBH.Dassanayake, M. D. & Clayton, W. D. eds., (1997). A revised handbook to the flora <strong>of</strong> Ceylon, volume XI. NewDelhi: Oxford IBH.Dassanayake, M. D. & Clayton, W. D. eds., (1998). A revised handbook to the flora <strong>of</strong> Ceylon, volume XII. NewDelhi: Oxford IBH.Dassanayake, M. D. & Clayton, W. D. eds., (1999). A revised handbook to the flora <strong>of</strong> Ceylon, volume XIII. NewDelhi: Oxford IBH.Dassanayake, M. D. & Clayton, W. D. eds., (2000). A revised handbook to the flora <strong>of</strong> Ceylon, volume XIV. NewDelhi: Oxford IBH.Dawundasekara, D. M. N. P. K. & de Silva, A., (2010). Observations <strong>of</strong> the habitat <strong>of</strong> Polypedates eques (Anura:Rhacophoridae). The Biological Diversity <strong>of</strong> Mih<strong>in</strong>tale: With special reference to its herpet<strong>of</strong>auna. Lyriocephalusspecial issue, 7(1&2), pp.175-176.de Alwis, K. A., Eriyagama, G. J., (1969). Some observations on soil vegetation relationships <strong>in</strong> the lowland dry zone<strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. The Ceylon Forester, IX(1&2), pp.53-64.de Silva, A. & de Silva, P., (1994). Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary Observationson the Natural History <strong>of</strong> Ramanella obscura (Amphibia:Microhylidae). Lyriocephalus, 1(1), pp.33-37.de Silva, A. & de Silva, P., (1995). Some observations on Kaloula taprobanica (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) <strong>in</strong><strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Lyriocephalus, 1(1&2), pp.48-51.de Silva, A., (1996). The Herpet<strong>of</strong>auna <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>: a review. Loris, Journal <strong>of</strong> the Wildlife and Nature ProtectionSociety <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>, 20(3), pp.121-125.de Silva, A., (1997). <strong>Lanka</strong>sc<strong>in</strong>cus taprobanensis (Kelaart, 1854) a sk<strong>in</strong>k with a prehensile tail. Lyriocephalus, 3(2),pp.26-27.de Silva, A. & de Silva, P., (2001). Some observatio<strong>in</strong>s on the spawn and larval success<strong>of</strong> Polypedates crucigerBlyth, 1852. <strong>in</strong> Gampola <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Lyriocephalus, 4(1&2), pp.28-35.de Silva, A., Rajapaksa, R. P. V. J. & Karunaratne, S., (2001). Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary observation <strong>of</strong> the proteocephalancestodes from Polypedates eques <strong>in</strong>habit<strong>in</strong>g the Horton Pla<strong>in</strong>s National Park. Lyriocephalus, 4(1&2), pp.163-165.de Silva, A., (2001a). Folklore, traditions and proverbs about amphibians <strong>in</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Lyriocephalus, 4(1&2),pp.168-170.de Silva, A., (2001b). Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary observation <strong>of</strong> the amphibian fauna <strong>of</strong> Horton pla<strong>in</strong> National Park. Lyriocephalus,4(1&2), pp.64-88.de Silva, A., (2001c). Species specific factors prevent<strong>in</strong>g predator detection <strong>of</strong> microhyla zelanica at Horton Pla<strong>in</strong>sNational Park. Lyriocephalus, 4(1&2), pp.141-144.de Silva, A., (2003). The biology and status <strong>of</strong> the Star Tortoise <strong>in</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Peradeniya: Amphibia and ReptilesResearch Organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>,de Silva, A. et al., (2004). The diversity <strong>of</strong> Nilgala Forest, <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>, with special refernce to its Herpet<strong>of</strong>auna. TheHerpetology Of <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>: Current Research (<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> the Fourth World Congress OfHerpetology, <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>n papers and Nilgala Expedition papers). Lyriocephalus Special Issue, 5(1&2), pp.164- 182.de Silva, A. et al., (2010a). Some Malformations <strong>in</strong> Amphibians observed at Mih<strong>in</strong>tale. The Biological Diversity <strong>of</strong>Mih<strong>in</strong>tale with special reference to its herpet<strong>of</strong>auna. Lyriocephalus special issue, 7(1&2), pp.21-24.de Silva, A. et al., (2010b). Recent obsservations <strong>of</strong> the mugger crocodile at Ruhuna National Park: The biologicalDiversity <strong>of</strong> Mih<strong>in</strong>tale: With special reference to its Herpet<strong>of</strong>auna. Lyriocephalus Special issue, 07(1&2), p.192.de Silva, A. et al., (2010c). Some Notes on Eutropis tammanna from <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>: The Biological Diversity <strong>of</strong> Mih<strong>in</strong>tale:With special reference to its Herpet<strong>of</strong>auna. Lyriocephalus Special issue, 07(1&2), p.67.de Silva, A. et al., (2010d). The Marsh crocodile <strong>in</strong> human habitats <strong>in</strong> Ampara District, <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>: The biologicalDiversity <strong>of</strong> Mih<strong>in</strong>tale: With special reference to its Herpet<strong>of</strong>auna. Lyriocephalus Special issue, 07(1&2), p.201.de Silva, A. et al., (2010e). Some observations on the water snake Acrochordus granulatus <strong>in</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>: TheBiological Diversity <strong>of</strong> Mih<strong>in</strong>tale: With special reference to its Herpet<strong>of</strong>auna. Lyriocephalus Special issue,07(1&2), p. 203-204.de Silva, A., Liyanaarachchi, D. & Rajapakse, R. P. V. J., (2010). First report <strong>of</strong> tick attack on an amphibian(Duutaphrynus melanostictus: Family Bufonidae) from <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. The Biological Diversity <strong>of</strong> Mih<strong>in</strong>tale: Withspecial reference to its herpet<strong>of</strong>auna. Lyriocephalus special issue, 7(1&2), pp.179-180.356
de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M. N. P. K., (2010). Ramanella palmata (Anura: Microhylidae): Additionalobservations. The Biological Diversity <strong>of</strong> Mih<strong>in</strong>tale with special reference to its herpet<strong>of</strong>auna. Lyriocephalusspecial issue, 7(1&2), p.177.de Silva, J., (1995). Indigenous people and their close association with plant resources. Loris, Journal <strong>of</strong> the Wildlifeand Nature Protection Society <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>, 20(6), pp. 260-265.de Silva, M. & de Silva, P. K., (1998). Status, diversity and conservation <strong>of</strong> the mangrove forests <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>.Journal <strong>of</strong> South Asian Natural History, 3(1), pp.79-102.de Silva, M. & de Silva, P. K., (2004). The Yala Wildlife Reserves Bio Diversity and Ecology. Colombo: WHTPublications (Private) Limited.De Silva, M. & Premachandra, S. P. U., (1998). An ecological study <strong>of</strong> the sand-dune vegetation <strong>of</strong> the RuhunaNational Park, <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Journal <strong>of</strong> South Asian Natural History, 3(2), pp.173-192.De Silva, M. P., (1998). Biodiversity <strong>in</strong> the catchment <strong>of</strong> Hiyare Resevoir. In: University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> Jayewardenepura,the 2 nd Annual Forestry Symposium. Kalutara, <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>, 1996. Department <strong>of</strong> Forestry and <strong>Environment</strong>alScience, University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> Jayewardenepura, <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>, (Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs) pp.237-247.De Silva, P. H. D. H., (1980). Notes on the Fauna collected from the Hunuwela Escarpment and from the UpperReaches <strong>of</strong> the Hunuwela Ganga (Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Prov<strong>in</strong>ce, Ceylon). Spollia Zeylanica,30(1), pp.55-61.De Zoysa, N. D., Gunatilake, C. V. S. & Gunatilake, I. A. U. N., (1989). Secondry vegetation on and abanded shifit<strong>in</strong>gcultivation site <strong>in</strong> the s<strong>in</strong>haraja forest. <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> Forester, XIX(1&2), pp.3-16.De Zoysa, N. D., Gunatilleke, C. V. S. & Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., (1986). Vegetation studies <strong>of</strong> a Skid-Trial plantedwith Mahogany <strong>in</strong> S<strong>in</strong>haraja. <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> Forester, XVII(3&4), pp.142-156.De Zoysa, N. D., (1986). Studies on the Storage, Germ<strong>in</strong>ation and Initial Development <strong>of</strong> Doona tapezifolia. The <strong>Sri</strong><strong>Lanka</strong> Forester, XVII(3&4 new series), pp.116-137.De Zoysa, N. D., Gunatilake, C. V. S. & Gunatilake, I. A. U. N., (1998). Diversity <strong>of</strong> Understory Vegetation <strong>in</strong>S<strong>in</strong>haraja. <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> Forester, XVIII(3&4), pp. 121-130.Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation., (2007a). Biodiversity Basel<strong>in</strong>e Survey: Peak Wilderness National Park. [pdf]Colombo: Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation. Available at: [Accessed 9 December 2010].Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation., (2007b). Biodiversity Basel<strong>in</strong>e Survey: Wasgamuwa National Park. [pdf]Colombo: Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Conservation. Available at: [Accessed 9 December 2010].Deraniyagala, P. E. P., (1960). Some Southern Temperate Zone Snakes, Birds and Whales that enter the CeylonArea. Spolia Zelanica, 29(1), pp.79-85Dharmaratnam, M., Vijitha, M. & Shiyanthan, V., (2004). A review <strong>of</strong> Amphibians <strong>of</strong> the Batticaloa and AmparaDistricts <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Lyriocephalus, 5(1&2), pp.27-31.Dharmasena, C., (1989). The Highland Ceylon Slender Loris. Loris, Journal <strong>of</strong> the Wildlife and Nature ProtectionSociety <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>, 18(3), pp.141-142.Dias, R. K. S., (2002) Taxonomic study <strong>of</strong> forag<strong>in</strong>g worker ants collected from Gampaha and other selected districts<strong>of</strong> the wet zone.Dias, R. K. S., (2007). Taxonomic study <strong>of</strong> the worker ants collected from Ratnapura district and a survey on thedistribution and relative abundance <strong>of</strong> Aneuretus simoni. Emery. In: Ratnapura district. F<strong>in</strong>al report <strong>of</strong> NSP.Dias, R. K. S., (2010). Taxonomic study <strong>of</strong> worker ants <strong>in</strong> several districts <strong>in</strong> the dry zone/ <strong>in</strong>termediate zone andprearation <strong>of</strong> a database <strong>of</strong> ants <strong>in</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>.Dilhan, M. A. A. B., (2005).Vegetation structure and floristic composition <strong>in</strong> the irrigation extension area <strong>of</strong> the lowerWalawe Bas<strong>in</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. M.Phil. University <strong>of</strong> Peradeniya.Dimitrov, D., Benjam<strong>in</strong>, S. P. & Hormiga, G., (2009). A revised phylogenetic analysis for the spider genus ClitaetraSimon, 1889 (AraneaE, Araneoidea, Nephilidae) with the first description <strong>of</strong> the male <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>n speciesClitaetra thisbe Simon, 1903. Bullet<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> the Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology, 159(6), pp.301–323.Diwakara, D. M. D. R. & Wickramas<strong>in</strong>ghe, S., (2010). Conservation <strong>of</strong> communal roost<strong>in</strong>g site <strong>of</strong> waterfowls: A casestudy <strong>in</strong> proposed Kotuattawala Nature Reserve <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. In: Indian Institute <strong>of</strong> Science, Student Conferenceon Conservation Science: first conference. Bangalore, 16–18 June 2010. Bangalore: Indian Institute <strong>of</strong> Science.Dutta, S. K. & Manamendra-Arachchi, K. N., (1996). The Amphibian Fauna <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Colombo: Wildlife HeritageTrust <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>, p.230.Ediris<strong>in</strong>ghe, J. P., Karunaratne, W. A. I. P. & Pauly, A., (2005). An Updated Checklist <strong>of</strong> Bees <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> with NewRecords. MAB Checklist and Hand Book Series, 23, pp.1-23.357
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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- Page 365 and 366: Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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- Page 375 and 376: Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
- Page 377 and 378: ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
- Page 379: Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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- Page 385 and 386: Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
- Page 387 and 388: Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
- Page 389 and 390: Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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- Page 393 and 394: Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
- Page 395 and 396: 1. Establishment of a national echi
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- Page 399 and 400: Provisional checklist of soft coral
- Page 401 and 402: Extensive coral growth is limited t
- Page 403 and 404: Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
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- Page 407 and 408: References For Corals Recorded For
- Page 409 and 410: Subgenera have generally not been u
- Page 411 and 412: Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
- Page 413 and 414: Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
- Page 415 and 416: Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
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- Page 419 and 420: Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
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- Page 427 and 428: Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
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Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data