have not been recorded after their <strong>in</strong>itial description and 12 species have not been recordedfor nearly a century. Further, the type localities <strong>of</strong> many reptile species are given as Ceylonor the name <strong>of</strong> a major town, which is not precise and prevents a proper assessment <strong>of</strong> thestatus <strong>of</strong> such species. Study <strong>of</strong> systematics <strong>of</strong> the reptile fauna is also another identified needespecially the taxonomic status <strong>of</strong> the mar<strong>in</strong>e snake fauna <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> which has not beenrevised for the past 52 years s<strong>in</strong>ce the work done by Deraniyagala (1955). S<strong>in</strong>ce then, virtuallyno <strong>in</strong>-depth study on systematic has been carried out by scientists on mar<strong>in</strong>e snake fauna <strong>in</strong>coastal waters <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>.References:Abyerami, S. & Sivashanth<strong>in</strong>i, K., (2008). Current status <strong>of</strong> mar<strong>in</strong>e snakes from Jaffna Pen<strong>in</strong>sula, <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> withdescription <strong>of</strong> hitherto unrecorded Hydrophis fasciatus fasciatus (Schneider, 1799). International Journal <strong>of</strong>Zoological Research, 4(4), pp.214–224.Bahir, M. M. & Silva, A., (2005). Otocryptis nigristigma, a new species <strong>of</strong> agamid lizard from <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. The RafflesBullet<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> Zoology, 12, pp.235–241.Batuwita, S. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2007). Description <strong>of</strong> a new species <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>n litter sk<strong>in</strong>k (Squamata: Sc<strong>in</strong>cidae:<strong>Lanka</strong>sc<strong>in</strong>cus). Ceylon Journal <strong>of</strong> Science (Bio. Sci.), 36(2), pp.80–87.Bauer, A. M., Jackman, T. R., Greenbaum, E., de Silva, A., Giri, V. B. & Das, I., (2010a). Molecular evidence for thetaxonomic status <strong>of</strong> Hemidactylus brookii group taxa (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Herpetological Journal, 20,pp.129–138.Bauer, A. M., Jackman, T. R., Greenbaum, E., de Silva, A. & Giri, V. B., (2010b). South Asia supports a majorendemic radiation <strong>of</strong> Hemidactylus geckos. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57, pp.343–352.Carranza, S. & Arnold, E. N., (2006). Systematics, biogeography, and evolution <strong>of</strong> Hemidactylus geckos (Reptilia:Gekkonidae) elucidated us<strong>in</strong>g mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution. 38,pp.531–545.Das, I. & de Silva, A., (2005). Snakes and Other Reptiles <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. New Holland Publishers.Das, I., De Silva, A. & Aust<strong>in</strong>, C. C., (2008). A new species <strong>of</strong> Eutropis (Squamata: Sc<strong>in</strong>cidae) from <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>.Zootaxa, 1700, pp.35–52.de Silva, A., (1990). Colour Guide to the Snakes <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Avon, England: R & A Publish<strong>in</strong>g Ltd.de Silva, P. H. D. H., (1980). Snake Fauna <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Colombo: National Museums <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Colombo.Deraniyagala, P. E. P., (1953). A Colored atlas <strong>of</strong> some vertebrates from Ceylon, Vol. 2, Tetrapod Reptilia. Colombo:Ceylon National Museum, Colombo.Deraniyagala, P. E. P., (1955). A Colored atlas <strong>of</strong> some vertebrates from Ceylon, Vol. 3, Serpentoid Reptilia.Colombo: Ceylon National Museums, Colombo.Gans, C. & Fetcho, J. R., (1982). The <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>n Genus Aspidura (Serpentes. Reptilia, Colubridae). Annals <strong>of</strong>Carnegie Museum, 51(14), pp. 271–316.Gower, D. J. & Maduwage, K., (2011). Two new species <strong>of</strong> Rh<strong>in</strong>ophis Hemprich (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) from <strong>Sri</strong><strong>Lanka</strong>. Zootaxa. 2881, pp.51–68.Greer, A. E., (1991). <strong>Lanka</strong>sc<strong>in</strong>cus a New Genus <strong>of</strong> Sc<strong>in</strong>cid Lizards from <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>, with Descriptions <strong>of</strong> Three NewSpecies. Journal <strong>of</strong> Herpetology, 25(1), pp.59–64.Karunarathna, D. M. S. S. & Amaras<strong>in</strong>ghe, A. A. T., (2011). Natural history and Conservation status <strong>of</strong> CalodactylodesIll<strong>in</strong>gworthorum Deraniyagala, 1953 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) <strong>in</strong> south-eastern <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Herpetotropicos, 6(1&2),pp. 5–10.Karunarathna, D. M. S. S. & Amaras<strong>in</strong>ghe, A. A. T., (2011). Reptile diversity <strong>in</strong> Beraliya mukalana proposed forestreserve, Galle district, <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Taprobanica, 4(1), pp.20–26.Karunarathna, D. M. S. S., Amaras<strong>in</strong>ghe, A. A. T., Abeywardena, U. T. I., Asela, M. D. C., Jayaneththi, H. B. &Madurapperuma, P. L., (2010). Some observations <strong>of</strong> Cnemaspis podihuna Deraniyagala, 1944 (Reptilia:Gekkonidae) <strong>in</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Gekko, 6(1), pp.23–29.Karunarathna, D. M. S. S. & Perera, W. P. N., (2010). New Distribution Records for Liopeltis calamaria (Günther,1858) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae), with Notes on its Bioecology and Threats <strong>in</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Sauria, 32(2),pp.51–57.Karunarathna, D. M. S. S., Wickramas<strong>in</strong>ghe, L. J. M., Samarawickrama V. A. P. & Mun<strong>in</strong>dradasa, D. A. I., (2008).The range extension <strong>of</strong> genus Chalcides Laurenti, 1768 (Reptilia: Sc<strong>in</strong>cidae) <strong>in</strong> to <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Russian Journal<strong>of</strong> Herpetology, 15(3), pp.225–228.Maduwage K., Silva A., Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2009). A taxonomic revision <strong>of</strong> the SouthAsian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale). Zootaxa, 2232, pp.1–28.102
Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005). A new Thai Enhydris (Serpentes: Colubridae: Homalops<strong>in</strong>ae). The RafflesBullet<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> Zoology, 53(1): 143–147.Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2007). Boiga ranawanei, a junior synonym <strong>of</strong> Boiga beddomei.Zeylanica, 7(1), pp.123–124.Manamendra-Arachchi, K., Batuwita, S. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2007). A taxonomic revision <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>ndaygeckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis), with description <strong>of</strong> new species from <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> and southernIndia. Zeylanica, 7(1), pp.9–122.Mausfeld, P. & Schmitz, A., (2003). Molecular phylogeography, <strong>in</strong>traspecific variation and speciation <strong>of</strong> the Asiansc<strong>in</strong>cid lizard genus Eutropis Fitz<strong>in</strong>ger, 1843 (Squamata: Reptilia: Sc<strong>in</strong>cidae): taxonomic and biogeographicimplications. Organism Diversity and Evolution, 3, pp.161–171.Peabotuwage, I., Bandara, I. N., Samaras<strong>in</strong>ghe, D., Perera, N., Madawala, M., Amaras<strong>in</strong>ghe, C., Kandambi, H. K.D. & Karunarathna, D. M. S. S., (2012). Range extension for Duttaphrynus kotagamai (Amphibia: Bufonidae)and a prelim<strong>in</strong>ary checklist <strong>of</strong> herpet<strong>of</strong>auna from the Uda Mäliboda Trail <strong>in</strong> Samanala Nature Reserve, <strong>Sri</strong><strong>Lanka</strong>. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, 5(2), pp.52–64.Praschag, P., Stuckas, H., Päckert, M., Maran, J. & Fritz, U., (2011). Mitochondrial DNA sequences suggest arevised taxonomy <strong>of</strong> Asian flapshell turtles (Lissemys Smith, 1931) and the validity <strong>of</strong> previously unrecognizedtaxa (Testud<strong>in</strong>es: Trionychidae). Vertebrate Zoology, 61 (1), pp.147–160.Smith, M. A., (1933). The fauna <strong>of</strong> British India, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. I. Loricata.London: Taylor & Francis.Smith, M. A., (1935). The fauna <strong>of</strong> British India, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II. Sauria.London: Taylor & Francis.Smith, M. A., (1943). The Fauna <strong>of</strong> British India, Ceylon and Burma, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the Whole <strong>of</strong> the Indo-Ch<strong>in</strong>ese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia Vol. III. Serpents. London: Taylor & Francis.Smith, E., Manamendra-Arachchi, K., & Somaweera, R., (2008). A new species <strong>of</strong> coral-snake <strong>of</strong> the genusCalliophis (Squamata: Elapidae) from the Central Prov<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Zootaxa, 1847, pp.19–33.Somaweera, R., (2006). <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>we Sarpay<strong>in</strong> [<strong>in</strong> S<strong>in</strong>hala]. Colombo: WHT Publications.Somaweera, R., & Somaweera, N., (2009). An overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>n sea snakes with an annotated checklist andfield key. Taprobanica, 1(1), pp.43–54.Taylor, E. H., (1950). Ceylonese Lizards <strong>of</strong> the Family Sc<strong>in</strong>cidae. University <strong>of</strong> Kansas Science Bullet<strong>in</strong>, 33(13),pp.481–518.Taylor, E. H., (1950). A Brief Review <strong>of</strong> Ceylonese Snakes. University <strong>of</strong> Kansas Science Bullet<strong>in</strong>, 33(14),pp.519–603.Taylor, E. H., (1953). A Review <strong>of</strong> the Lizards <strong>of</strong> Ceylon. University <strong>of</strong> Kansas Science Bullet<strong>in</strong>, 35(12),pp.1525–1585.Vidal, N., Rage, J-C., Couloux, A., & Hedges, B., (2009). Snakes (Serpentes). In: S. B. Hedges & S. Kumar, ed.2009. The Timetree <strong>of</strong> Life. Oxford University Press, pp.390–397Wall. F., (1921). Ophidia Taprobanica or the Snakes <strong>of</strong> Ceylon. Colombo: H.R. Cottle, Govt. Pr<strong>in</strong>ter.Wood, P. L., He<strong>in</strong>icke, M. P., Jackman, T. R., & Bauer, A. M., (2012). Phylogeny <strong>of</strong> bent-toed geckos (Cyrtodactylus)reveals a West to East pattern <strong>of</strong> diversification. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 65(3), pp.992–1003.Wickramas<strong>in</strong>ghe, L. J. M., Vidanapathirana, D. R., Wickramas<strong>in</strong>ghe, N., & Ranwella, P. N., (2009). A New Species<strong>of</strong> Rh<strong>in</strong>ophis Hemprich, 1820 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Uropeltidae) from Rakwana massif, <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong>. Zootaxa,2044, pp.1–22.Wickramas<strong>in</strong>ghe, L. J. M., Wickramas<strong>in</strong>ghe, N. & Kariyawasam, L., (2011). Taxonomic status <strong>of</strong> the arborealSk<strong>in</strong>k Lizard Dasia halianus (Haly & Nevill, 1887) <strong>in</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> and the redescription <strong>of</strong> Dasia subcaeruleum(Boulenger, 1891) from India. Journal <strong>of</strong> Threatened Taxa, 3(8), pp.1961–1974.Wickramas<strong>in</strong>ghe, L. J. M., Wickramas<strong>in</strong>ghe, N. & Kariyawasam, L., (2011). Taxonomic status <strong>of</strong> the arborealSk<strong>in</strong>k Lizard Dasia halianus (Haly & Nevill, 1887) <strong>in</strong> <strong>Sri</strong> <strong>Lanka</strong> and the redescription <strong>of</strong> Dasia subcaeruleum(Boulenger, 1891) from India. Journal <strong>of</strong> Threatened Taxa, 3(8), pp.1961–1974.103
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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- Page 87 and 88: Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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- Page 137 and 138: Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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- Page 169 and 170: Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
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Threats to angiosperms may range fr
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Further, evaluation of the conserva
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MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
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Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
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ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
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Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
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Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
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Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
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Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
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Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
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Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
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1. Establishment of a national echi
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Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
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Provisional checklist of soft coral
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Extensive coral growth is limited t
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Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
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Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
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References For Corals Recorded For
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Subgenera have generally not been u
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Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
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Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
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Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
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Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
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Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
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DistributionMany Marine species inc
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Provisional Check List of the Marin
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Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
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Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
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Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
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Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data