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Bambaradeniya, C. N. B. & Ranawana, K. B., (1998). Composition of the vertebrate fauna in three montane zoneprotected areas of Sri lanka. In: University of Sri Jayewardenepura, the 2 nd Annual Forestry Symposium. Kalutara,Sri Lanka, 1996. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, SriLanka, (Proceedings) pp. 248-268.Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., (2001). Rice Fields: an important man made habitat of amphibians. Lyriocephalus,4(1&2), pp.57-63.Bambaradeniya, C. N. B. & Gunatilleke, C. V. S., (2002). Ecological aspects of weed flora in an irrigated rice fieldecosystem at Bathalagoda in Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 30(3&4),pp.123-147.Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., Ekanayake, S. P., Fernando, R.H.S.S., Perera, W.P.N. & Somaweera, R., (2002).Occasional Papers of IUCN Sri Lanka No.2, November 2002: A Biodiversity Status Profile of Bundala NationalPark A Ramsar Wetland in Sri Lanka. Colombo: IUCN Sri Lanka.Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., Ekanayake, S. P., Kekulandala, L. D. C. B., Samarawickrama, V. A. P., Ratnayake, N. D.& Fernando, R. H. S. S., (2002). Occasional Papers of IUCN Sri Lanka No.3, December 2002: An Assessmentof the Status of Biodiversity in the Muthurajawela Wetland Sanctuary. Colombo: IUCN Sri Lanka.Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., Ekanayake, S. P., Kekulandala, L. D. C. B., Fernando, R. H. S. S., Samarawickrama,V. A. P. & Priyadharshana, T. G. M., (2002). Occasional Papers of IUCN Sri Lanka No.1, November 2002: AnAssessment of the Status of Biodiversity in the Maduganga Mangrove Estuary. Colombo: IUCN Sri Lanka.Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., (2003). An overview of the flora and fauna of the Kanneliya- Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniyaforest Complex- A Proposed Biosphere Reserve in Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Foundation ofSri Lanka, 31(1&2), pp.389-392.Bambaradeniya, C. N. B. et al., (2003). Composition of faunal species in the Sinharaja world Heritage site in SriLanka. The Sri Lanka Forester, 26, pp.21-40.Bambaradeniya, C. N .B., Edirisinghe, J.P., De Silva, D.N., Gunatilleke, C.V.S., Ranawana, K.B. & Wijekoon,S., (2004). Biodiversity associated with an irrigated rice agro-ecosystem in Sri Lanka. Biodiversity andConservation, 13(9), pp.1715-1753.Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., Perera, S.J., Ekanayake, S.P., Perera, N., Wickramasinghe, M., Samarawickrema, P.& Chandranimal, D., (2005). Report on the Status of Biodiversity in Kandakuliya - Kalpitiya CRMP/SAM Site.Colombo: IUCN Sri Lanka. (Unpublished report).Bandara, N. M. S. A. & Mahatantila, K. C. P., (1996). A survey of medicinal plant in Ritigala and its surrounding plain.Sri Lanka Forester, 22 (3&4), pp.3-21.Bastmeijer, J. D., Babics, P. & Kettner, C. (2012). Ein neue Cryptocoryne-Art (Araceae) aus Sri Lanka (Ceylon).Aqua- Planta, 37(2), pp.50-59Batuwita, S. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2007). Description of a new species of Sri Lankan litter skink (Squamata: Scincidae:Lankascincus). Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci), 36(2), pp.80-87.Benjamin, S. P., (2001). The genus Oxytate L. Koch 1878 from Sri Lanka, with description of Oxytate taprobane sp.n. (Araneae: Thomisidae). J. South Asian Nat. Hist, 5(2), pp.153–158.Benjamin, S. P., (2006). The male Marengo nitida with the description of M. rattotensis new species from Sri Lanka(Aranea: Salticidae). Zootaxa, 1326, pp.25–36.Benjamin, S. P. & Hormiga, G., (2009). Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic genus Labullinyphia van Helsdingen,1985, with redescription of Labullinyphia tersa (Simon, 1894) from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Linyphiidae).Contributions to Natural History, 12, pp.161–181.Benjamin, S. P., (2010). Revision and cladistic analysis of the jumping spider genus Onomastus (Araneae:Salticidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 159, pp.711–745.Benjamin, S. P. & Jaleel, Z., (2010). The genera Haplotmarus Simon, 1909 and Indoxysticus gen. nov.: two enigmaticgenera of crab spiders from the Oriental region (Araneae: Thomisidae). REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE,117(1), pp.159-167.Bertus A. L., (1961). Fungi records on the Leaves, Stems, Flowers & fruits of forest trees in Ceylon. Sri LankaForester, V(1&2), p.101.Bharathie, K. P. S., (1979). Natural regeneration in the exploited section of the Sinharaja MAB reserve. Sri LankaForester, 14(1&2), pp.41-42.Bibile, R., (1994a). Recent excursions off Bibile and Monaragala. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and Nature ProtectionSociety of Sri Lanka, 20(3), pp.101-106.Bibile, R., (1994b). Some notes on the Gal Oya valley and National Park. Loris, Journal of the Wildlife and NatureProtection Society of Sri Lanka, 20(4), pp.174-182.354
Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera. Vol II (Ants & Cuckoowasps). London: Taylor & Francis.Bolton, B., (1995). A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Breckenridge, W. R., (1994). The Ichthyophis in Sri Lanka: a short review. Lyriocephalus, 1(1), pp.27-32.Carine, M. A., Jayasekara, P. & Scotland, R. W., (2000). A new species of Strobilanthes Blume (Acanthaceae) fromSri Lanka. Kew Bulletin, 55, pp.971- 976.Chalalochani, H. M. N., Nathanael, E. S. & de Silva, A., (2010a). Amphibians and Reptiles of the Rajarata UniversityCampus Park, Mihintale: The Biological Diversity of Mihintale: With special reference to its herpetofauna.Lyriocephalus special issue, 7(1&2), pp.9-17.Chalalochani, H. M. N., Nathanael, E. S. & de Silva, A., (2010b). Knowledge attitude and practice towards amphibiansand reptiles at Mihintale: The Biological Diversity of Mihintale: With special reference to its Herpetofauna.Lyriocephalus Special issue, 07(1&2), p.99-103.Chandraratne, W. P. R. et al., (2010a). Mammals of Mihintale: with special reference to the slender Loris (Lorislydekkeranus nordicus ) of Sri Lanka In: The Biological Diversity of Mihintale: with special reference to itsherpetofauna. Lyriocephalus Special issue, 7(1&2), pp.133-135.Chanrarathna, W. P. R. et al., (2010b). Notes on Amphibians of Mihintale with special reference to the endemicbush frog Philautus regius. The Biological Diversity of Mihintale with special reference to its herpetofauna.Lyriocephalus Special issue, 7(1&2), pp.19-20.Christenhusz, M. J. M., Zhang, X. C. & Schneider, H., (2011). A linear sequence of extant families and genera oflycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa, 19, pp.7-54.Clarke, B. T., (1983). A morphological reexamination of the frog genus Nannophrys (Anura: Ranidae) with commentson its biology, distribution and relationships. Zoological journal of the Linnean Society, 79(4), pp.377-398.Coniff, K., (2004). Dragonflies at Talangama Tank: Sri Lanka Wildlife News, August 2004. [Online] Available at: [Accessed 9 September 2010].Cramer, L. H., (1977). The Significance of the indigenous flora in the areas of Mahaweli Complex. Sri LankaForester, 13(1&2), pp.9-18.Cramer, L. H., (1990). Contributions to the flora of Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Journal of the National Science Foundationof Sri Lanka, 18(2), pp.167-176.Cramer, L. H., (1993). A forest Arboretum in the dry zone. Kandy: Institute of Fundamental Studies.Danile, P. & Rajendran, A., (1990). Premna wightiana Schauer, an addition to the Verbenaceae of Sri Lanka. SriLanka Forester, 19(3 & 4), pp.23-27.Darmasena, C., Ekanayake, H., Abesinghe, S. & Dharmasena, N., (2001). Dunumadalawa Forest reserve. Loris,Journal of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri Lanka, 22(5), pp. 55-57.Das, I., de Silva, A., (1998). Species diversity and species richness of the leaf litter herpetofauna in Sri Lanka:Preliminary results. In: A. de Silva, ed. 1998. Biology and conservation of the amphibians, reptiles and theirhabitats in South Asia. Peradeniya: Amphibia and Reptiles Research Organization of Sri Lanka, pp.285-293.Das, I., De Silva, A. & Austin, C. C., (2008). A new species of Eutropis (Squamata: Scincidae) from Sri Lanka.Zootaxa, 1700, pp.35-52.Dassanayake, M. D. & Fosberg, F. R. eds., (1980). A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, volume I. New Delhi:Amerind.Dassanayake, M. D. & Fosberg, F. R. eds., (1981a). A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, volume II. NewDelhi: Amerind.Dassanayake, M. D. & Fosberg, F. R. eds., (1981b). A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, volume III. NewDelhi: Amerind.Dassanayake, M. D. & Fosberg, F. R. eds., (1983). A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, volume IV. New Delhi:Amerind.Dassanayake, M. D. & Fosberg, F. R. eds., (1985). A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, volume V. New Delhi:Amerind.Dassanayake, M. D. & Fosberg, F. R. eds., (1987). A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, volume VI. New Delhi:Amerind.Dassanayake, M. D. & Fosberg, F. R. eds., (1991). A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, volume VII. NewDelhi: Amerind.Dassanayake, M. D., Fosberg, F. R. & Clayton, W. D. eds., (1994). A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon,volume VIII. New Delhi: Amerind.355
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Page 327 and 328: Family/ Scientific Name Common name
Page 365 and 366: Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
Page 367 and 368: PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
Page 369 and 370: Threats to angiosperms may range fr
Page 371 and 372: Further, evaluation of the conserva
Page 373 and 374: MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
Page 375 and 376: Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
Page 377: ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
Page 381 and 382: de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
Page 383 and 384: Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
Page 385 and 386: Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
Page 387 and 388: Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
Page 389 and 390: Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
Page 391 and 392: Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
Page 393 and 394: Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
Page 395 and 396: 1. Establishment of a national echi
Page 397 and 398: Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
Page 399 and 400: Provisional checklist of soft coral
Page 401 and 402: Extensive coral growth is limited t
Page 403 and 404: Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
Page 405 and 406: Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
Page 407 and 408: References For Corals Recorded For
Page 409 and 410: Subgenera have generally not been u
Page 411 and 412: Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
Page 413 and 414: Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
Page 415 and 416: Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
Page 417 and 418: Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
Page 419 and 420: Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
Page 421 and 422: DistributionMany Marine species inc
Page 423 and 424: Provisional Check List of the Marin
Page 425 and 426: Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
Page 427 and 428: Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
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Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
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Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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