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Preliminary investigation carried out by Benjamin (2010) has demonstrated that long termsurvival of most of the endemic and threatened spiders depend on protecting the remainingnatural ecosystems of the wet zone of Sri Lanka, as is the case for other taxonomic groups.Therefore, the key habitats necessary for spider conservation must be identified and a planshould be drawn up to determine how these habitats can be protected in the future.ReferencesÁlvarez-Padilla, F. & Benjamin, S. P., (2011). Phylogenetic placement and redescription of the spider genus AtelideaSimon, 1895 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae). Zootaxa, 2761, pp.51-63.Benjamin, S. P., (2010). Revision and cladistic analysis of the jumping spider genus Onomastus (Araneae:Salticidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 159, pp.711-745.Benjamin, S. P. & Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., (2006). Systematics and conservation of spiders in Sri Lanka: currentstatus and future prospects. In: C. N. B. Bambaradeniya, ed. 2006. The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy,Research and Conservation. Colombo: The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government ofSri Lanka. pp. 70-76.Benjamin, S. P. & Hormiga, G., (2009). Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic genus Labullinyphia vanHelsdingen, 1985, with redescription of Labullinyphia tersa(Simon, 1894) from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Linyphiidae).Contributions to Natural History, 12, pp.161-181.Benjamin, S. P. & Jaleel Z., (2010). The genera Haplotmarus Simon, 1909 and Indoxysticus gen. nov.: two enigmaticgenera of crab spiders from the Oriental region (Araneae: Thomisidae). Zootaxa, 117, pp.1-9.Dimitrov, D., Benjamin, S. P. & Hormiga, G., (2009). A revised phylogenetic analysis for the genus Clitaetra Simon,1889 (Araneoidea, Nephilidae) with the first description of the male of the Sri Lankan species Clitaetra thisbeSimon, 1903. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 159, pp.301-323.Foelix, R. F., (2011). Biology of Spiders. 3 rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.Kronestedt, T., (2010). Draposa, a new wolf spider genus from South and Southeast Asia (Araneae: Lycosidae).Zootaxa, 2637, pp.31-54.Nanayakkara, R. & Vishvanath, N., (2011). Hitherto unrecorded species of Poecilotheria, (Tarantula) from Sri Lanka.ScinnoTech-Alert, [e-journal] 2(7), Available through: National Science Foundation Sri Lanka Web site Pethiyagoda, R., (2007). Pearls, spices and green gold: a history of biodiversity exploration in Sri Lanka. Colombo:WHT Publications.Pickard-Cambridge, O., (1869). Descriptions and sketches of some new species of Araneidea, with characters of anew genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4, pp.52-74.Platnick, N. I., (2011). The World Spiders Catalog, Version 11.5, [online]Available through: American Museum of Natural History Platnick, N. I., Duperre, N., Ott, R. & Kranz-Baltensperger, Y., (2011). The goblin spider genus Brignolia (Araneae,Oonopidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 349, p.131.Pocock, R. I., (1900). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida:I-XII. London: Taylor andFrancis.Wijesinghe, D. P., (1987). The present status of spider taxonomy in Sri Lanka. Proceedings of the workshop on“Present Status of Faunal Taxonomy in Sri Lanka”, Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, pp7-19.44
Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri LankaScientific Name Common Name NCS CriteriaFamily: AgelenidaeTegenaria taprobanica Strand, 1907DDTegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)DDFamily: AraneidaeAnepsion maritatum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877)DDArachnura scorpionides Vinson, 1863 E: Scorpion spider LCAraneus enucleatus (Karsch, 1879)DDAraneus minutalis (Simon, 1889)DDAraneus mitificus (Simon, 1886)E: Kidney garden spider/ Pale OrbWeaverLCAraneus obtusatus (Karsch, 1891)DDArgiope aemula (Walckenaer, 1841)E: Andrew’s Cross Spider; S: Kahavisithuru kathira dal viyannaLCArgiope aetherea (Walckenaer, 1841)DDArgiope anasuja Thorell, 1887E: Signature Spider;S: Liyana dal viyannaLCArgiope catenulata (Doleschall, 1859)E: Grass cross spider;S: Thana kathira dal viyannaDDArgiope pulchella Thorell, 1881DDArgiope taprobanica Thorell, 1887DDCaerostris indica Strand, 1915E: Indian Bark spider;S: Indu kadan makuluwaCR B2ab(iii)Chorizopes frontalis O. P.-Cambridge, 1870DDChorizopes mucronatus Simon, 1895DDCyclosa quinqueguttata (Thorell, 1881)DDCyclosa bifida (Doleschall, 1859) E: Long-bellied Cyclosa Spider LCCyclosa insulana (Costa, 1834) E: Brown Lobed Spider LCCyrtarachne perspicillata (Doleschall, 1859)DDCyrtarachne raniceps Pocock, 1900DDCyrtophora cicatrosa (Stoliczka, 1869)DDCyrtophora citricola (Forsskål, 1775)DDCyrtophora exanthematica(Doleschall,1859)DDCyrtophora moluccensis (Doleschall, 1857) E: Common Tent-web Spider LCCyrtophora unicolor (Doleschall, 1857)DDEriovixia laglaizei (Simon, 1877)LCGasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus, 1758)E: Star Spider, Spiny-backed OrbweaverCR B2ab(iii)Gasteracantha geminata (Fabricius, 1798)E: Common Spiny orb-weavers/Common Kite Spider;LCS: Podu Sarungal makuluwaGasteracantha remifera Butler, 1873DDGea spinipes C. L. Koch, 1843 CR B2ab(iii)Gea subarmata Thorell, 1890DDGlyptogona duriuscula Simon, 1895DDHypsosinga taprobanica (Simon, 1895)DDMacracantha arcuata (Fabricius, 1793)E: Long-horned Orb-weaver;S: Digu agathi sarungala makuluwaCR B2ab(iii)45
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
Page 18 and 19: Message of the Secretary, Ministry
Page 20 and 21: Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
Page 22 and 23: Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
Page 25 and 26: The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 27 and 28: Changes in water sources, such as d
Page 29 and 30: Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
Page 31 and 32: Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
Page 33 and 34: Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
Page 37 and 38: fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
Page 39 and 40: Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
Page 41 and 42: Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
Page 45 and 46: L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
Page 47 and 48: Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
Page 49 and 50: Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
Page 51 and 52: DistributionThe distribution of but
Page 53 and 54: Another threat of increasing import
Page 55 and 56: van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
Page 67: DistributionSpiders are found in al
Page 83 and 84: ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
Page 85 and 86: ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
Page 87 and 88: Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
Page 91 and 92: ConservationSurvival of highly dive
Page 93 and 94: Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
Page 103 and 104: fish species such as Chitala chital
Page 105 and 106: Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
Page 113 and 114: of the original forest cover has no
Page 115 and 116: Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
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Threats to angiosperms may range fr
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Further, evaluation of the conserva
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MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
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Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
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ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
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Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
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Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
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Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
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Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
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Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
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Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
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1. Establishment of a national echi
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Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
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Provisional checklist of soft coral
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Extensive coral growth is limited t
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Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
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Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
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References For Corals Recorded For
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Subgenera have generally not been u
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Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
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Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
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Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
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Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
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Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
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DistributionMany Marine species inc
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Provisional Check List of the Marin
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Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
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Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
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Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
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Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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