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Conclusions and recommendationsSri Lanka has a rich freshwater fish fauna of which more than 50% are endemic species.However, nearly 50% freshwater fish are also listed as threatened species due to a number ofthreats. Therefore, it is important to develop a conservation action plan for the endemic andthreatened freshwater fish of Sri Lanka. Such an action plan should first identify priority list ofspecies as well as critical habitats of freshwater fish that require immediate conservation action.This should be followed with preparation and implementation of species specific recoveryplans. The implementation of such plans requires large investments and therefore, possibilityof private sector involvement in financing such recovery plans should be pursued. Also, anational programme to protect catchments as well as enforce river and stream reservationsis another identified need which will benefit not only fish but other terrestrial species as well.As most of the species occur in human dominated landscapes a conservation model involvinglocal communities in conservation of freshwater fish should be developed, at least for therestricted range species. At the same time, the ex situ breeding programmes should obtain theexpertise available in the ornamental fish industry, especially to develop breeding techniquesfor threatened species that are difficult to breed in captivity. All pesticides approved for releasein Sri Lanka should be assessed for impact on non-target organisms and the environmentin general, and the labelling of such products should include information on environmentalsafeguards. Further, all future intentional release of exotic fishes should be preceded by anenvironmental impact assessment involving specific safeguards against invasiveness, and atthe same time a ban should be imposed on importation of exotic fish species that are knownto be invasive in other countries. Also, international agencies that fund development projectsmust be appraised of the negative consequences that can arise due to fisheries developmentprojects in Sri LankaReferencesBailey, R. M. & Gans, C., (1998). The new synbranchid fishes, Monopterus roseni from Peninsular India and M.desilvai from Sri Lanka. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, 726, p.18.Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A., (1842). Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 16. Paris: P. Bertrand. xx+472 pp., pls465–487.Deraniyagala, P. E. P., (1952). A coloured atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon, 1: fishes. Colombo: NationalMuseum.Duncker, G., (1912). Die Susswasserfische Ceylons. Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst., Beiheft 2, 29 (2): pp.241–272.Goonatilake, S. de A., (2007). Freshwater Fishes of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Ministry of Environment, Sri Lanka.Goonatilake, S. de A., (2012). Personal records. [field records] (Personal communication, 2012).Gunawardane, J., (2002). Occurrence of Chitala chitala (Syn. Notopterus chitala) in native freshwater habitats. SriLanka Naturalist, 5(1), pp.6-7.Tang, K. L., Agnew, M. K., Hirt, M. V., Sado, T., Schneider, L. M., Freyhof, J., Sulaiman, Z., Swartz, E., Vidthayanon,C., Miya, M., Saitoh, K., Simons, A. M., Wood, R. M. & Mayden, R. L., (2010). Systematics of the subfamilyDanioninae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57(1), pp.189-214.Kottelat, M. & Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Descriptions of three new species of cyprinid fishes from Sri Lanka. In: R.Pethiyagoda., 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka.Meegaskumbura, M., Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2008). Puntius reval, a new barb from Sri Lanka(Teleostei; Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 19 (2), pp.141-152.Mendis, A. S., (1954). Fishes of Ceylon. Colombo: Fisheries Research Station.Munro, I. S. R., (1955). The Marine and Freshwater Fishes of Ceylon. Canberra: Department of External Affairs.Pethiyagoda, R. & Kottelat, M., (2005). A review of the barbs of the Puntius filamentosus group (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)of southern India and Sri Lanka. In: D. C. J. Yeo, P. K. L. Ng & R. Pethiyagoda, eds. 2005. Contributions tobiodiversity exploration and research in Sri Lanka: The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 12. pp.127–144.80
Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka.Pethiyagoda, R., Kottelat, M., Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Meegaskumbura, M., (2008a). A review of the genus Labucain Sri Lanka, with description of three new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 19(1), p. 726.Pethiyagoda, R., Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Meegaskumbura, M., (2008b). Puntius kelumi, a new species of cyprinidfish from Sri Lanka (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 19, pp. 201- 214.Pethiyagoda, R., Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Kariyawasam, L., (2008c). The Sri Lankan spiny eel, Macrognathuspentophthalmos (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae), and its enigmatic decline. Zootaxa, 1931, pp.37–48.Pethiyagoda, R., Meegaskumbura, M. & Maduwage, K., (2012). A synopsis of the South Asian fishes referred toPuntius (Pisces: Cyprinidae.) Ichthyol. Explor. Fresh waters, 23 (1), pp.69-95.Senanayake, F. R., (1980). The biogeography and ecology of the inland fishes of Sri Lanka. PhD. University ofCalifornia.Senanayake, F. R. & Moyle, P. B., (1982). Conservation of freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. Biological Conservation,22, pp.181-195.Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2008). Puntius kamalika, a new species of barb from Sri Lanka(Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 1824, pp.55–64.Silva, A., Maduwage, K. & Pethiyagoda, R., (2011). A review of the genus Rasbora in Sri Lanka, with description oftwo new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 21, pp.27- 50.Watson, R. E., (1998). Stiphodon martenstyni, a new species of freshwater goby from Sri Lanka (Teleostei: Gobiidae:Sicydiini). Journal of South Asian Natural History, 3(1), pp.69-78.81
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Page 67 and 68: DistributionSpiders are found in al
Page 69 and 70: Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
Page 83 and 84: ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
Page 85 and 86: ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
Page 87 and 88: Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
Page 89 and 90: The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
Page 91 and 92: ConservationSurvival of highly dive
Page 93 and 94: Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
Page 103: fish species such as Chitala chital
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Page 115 and 116: Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
Page 125 and 126: The crocodile populations are under
Page 127 and 128: Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
Page 137 and 138: Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
Page 139 and 140: espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
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PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
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Threats to angiosperms may range fr
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Further, evaluation of the conserva
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MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
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Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
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ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
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Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
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de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
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Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
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Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
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Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
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Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
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Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
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Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
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1. Establishment of a national echi
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Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
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Provisional checklist of soft coral
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Extensive coral growth is limited t
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Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
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Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
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References For Corals Recorded For
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Subgenera have generally not been u
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Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
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Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
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Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
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Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
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Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
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DistributionMany Marine species inc
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Provisional Check List of the Marin
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Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
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Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
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Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
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Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
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References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
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Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
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ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
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Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
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Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
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Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
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1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
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Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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