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Family Ophiuridae42. Ophiolepis cincta43. Ophiolepis rugosa44. Ophiolepis superba45. Ophioplocus imbricatus46. Ophiura kinbergiClass : HolothuroideaFamily Holothuriidae1. Actinopyga echinites2. Actinopyga lecanora3. Actinopyga maunliana4. Actinopyga miliaris5. Actinopyga serratidens6. Bohadschia argus7. Bohadschia marmorata8. Bohadschia tenuissima9. Bohadschia vitiensis10 Colochirus robustus11. Holothuria (Halodeima) atra12. Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis13. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) glandifera14. Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) fuscocinerea15. Holothuria fuscogilva16. Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota17. Holothuria pardalis18. Holothuria (Mertensiothuna) pervicax19. Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) scabra20. Holothuria (Microthele) nobilis21. Holothuria (Platyperona) difficilis22. Holothuria (Selenkothuria) erinaceus23. Holothuria (Selenkothuria) moebii24. Holothuria (Semperothuria) cinerascens25. Holothuria (Semperothuria) imitans26. Holothuna (Theelothuria) kurti27. Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera28. Holothuria (Thymiosycia) hilla29. Holothuria (Thymiosycia) impatiensFamily Stichopodidae30. Stichopus chioronotus31. Stichopus naso32. Stichopus variegatus33. Thelenota ananas34. Thelenota anaxFamily Psolidae35. Psolus complanatusFamily Cucumariidae36. Havelockia herdmani37. Havelockia versicolor38. Hemithyone semperi39. Pentacta armatus40. Pentacta quadrangularis41. Pseudocolochirus tricolor42. Pseudocolochirus violaceus43. Staurothyone rosacea44. Stolus buccalis45. Stolus conjugens46. Thyone papuensis47. Trachythyone imbricata48. Trachythyone typicaFamily Phyllophoridae49. Actinocucumis typicus50. Ohshimella ehrenbergi51. Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella) parvipedes52. Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) cebuensis53. Phyllophorus (Urodemella) brockiFamily Caudinidae54. Acaudina molpadiodesFamily Synaptidae55. Opheodesoma grisea56. Synapta maculata57. Synaptula recta58. Synaptula striataFamily Chirotidae59. Polycheira rufescensClark, A.M. & F.W.E. Rowe. 1971. Monograph of shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. British Museum(Natural History). 3-26.Fernando, Malik. 2006. Coral Associated Invertebrates: An Overview of the Current Taxonomic Status. InBambaradeniya, Channa N. B. Ed. The Fauna of Sri Lanka, Section 3: Status of Marine Fauna in Sri Lanka(2006), IUCN – The World Conservation Union. 259-273.Weerakkody, Prasanna. 1998. Observations on some shallow-water Brittlestars (Ophiuroidea) from the south andsouth-western coasts; with notes on field identification of the observed species. Sri Lanka Naturalist II(3): 22-30.Perera, E. N. R. & P. Weerakkody. 2004. A Biodiversity Status Profile of subtidal and intertidal habitats of theRekawa, Ussangoda and Kalametiya area. Occasional Papers of IUCN Sri Lanka No. 5, March 2004. IUCN -The World Conservation Union, Sri Lanka Country Office, Colombo.Blue Zoo Aquatics. 2011.Dissanayake, D.C.T. and Wijayaratne M.J.S. 2007. Studies on the sea cucumber fishery in the North Westerncoastal region of Sri Lanka.Elanganayagam, Padmini. 1983. Study on ecology and some aspects on biology of Sri Lankan holothurians.Fernando, Malik. 2006. Coral Associated Invertebrates: An Overview of the Current Taxonomic Status. InBambaradeniya, Channa N. B. Ed. The Fauna of Sri Lanka, Section 3: Status of Marine Fauna in Sri Lanka(2006), IUCN – The World Conservation Union. 259-273.374
Provisional checklist of soft corals recorded in Sri LankaS. KrishnarajaThe Open University of Sri LankaSpeciesFamily: AlcyoniidaeSinularia brassica May, 1898Sinularia dura (Pratt, 1903)Sinularia erecta Tixier-Durivault, 1945Sinularia firma Tixier-Durivault, 1970Sinularia grandilobata Verseveldt, 19Sinularia granosa Tixier-Durivault, 1970Sinularia leptoclados(Ehrenberg, 1834 )Sinularia lochmodos kolonko, 1926Sinularia macropodia Hickson & Hites, 1900Sinularia microspiculata Tixier-Durivault, 1970Sinularia minima Verseveldt, 1971Sinularia polydactyla Ehrenberg, 1834Sinularia imbrilobata Verseveldt, 1974Cladiella humsi Verseveldt, 1974Cladiella spp.Cladiella subtilis Tixier-Durivault, 1970Lobophytum altum Tixier-Durivault, 1956Lobophytum compactum Tixier-Durivault, 1956Lobophytum crassum Von Marenzeller, 1886Lobophytum crebriplicatum Von Marenzeller, 1886Lobophytum critigalli Von Marenzeller, 1886Lobophytum delectum Tixier-Durivault, 1966Lobophytum michaelae Tixier-Durivault, 1966Lobophytum ransoni Tixier-Durivault, 1959Lobophytum packeli Tixier-Durivault, 1956Sarcophyton acutangulam Tixier-Durivault, 1966Sarcophyton crassoc Moser, 1919Sarcophyton crassum Tixier-Durivault, 1946Sarcophyton ehrenbergi Von Marenzeller, 1886Sarcophyton latum(Dana, 1846)Sarcophyton trocheliophorum Von Marenzeller,1886Family: NephtheidaeDendronephthya gigantia(Verrill, 1864)Sterionephthya costatocyania Burchardt, 1898Tortus pacilloporaformisFamily: XeriidaeXenia spp.ReferenceK. D. Arudpragasam & S. Krishnaraja. 1983. Taxonomy and Distribution of Soft Corals in Sri Lanka, NSF Report.375
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The National Red List 2012of Sri La
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Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
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Red listing TeamSupervision and Gui
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FloraHigher PlantsParticipants of E
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Mr. Gayan ChathurangaMr. Imesh Nuwa
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AntsProf. Sriyani DiasMs. Anuradha
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AcknowledgementsThe National Red Li
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Message of the Secretary, Ministry
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Dung beetles 103 21Bivalves 287Gast
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Preparation of the 2012 Red ListDak
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The Taxonomy and Conservation Statu
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Changes in water sources, such as d
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Table 01: List of Dragonflies in Sr
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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Scientific Name Common Name NSG Cri
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fauna in the nearby forests. Furthe
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Table 02: List of Ants in Sri Lanka
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Scientific Name Common Name NCS Cri
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L. (Sudila) aulacophorum, and L. (E
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Table 03 : List of Bees in Sri Lank
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Scientific Name NCS CriteriaFamily:
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DistributionThe distribution of but
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Another threat of increasing import
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van der Poorten, G. & van der Poort
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DistributionSpiders are found in al
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Table 05: List of Spiders in Sri La
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ThreatsSri Lanka’s aquatic habita
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ReferencesADB, (2003). Sri Lanka: e
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Table 06: List of Freshwater Crabs
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ConservationSurvival of highly dive
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Table 07: List of Land Snails in Sr
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fish species such as Chitala chital
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Pethiyagoda, R., (1991). Freshwater
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of the original forest cover has no
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Pounds, J. A., Bustamante, M. R., C
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The crocodile populations are under
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Murphy, J.C., and Voris, H.K. (2005
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Family: ViperidaeScientific Name Co
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espectively). Further, Halcyonidae
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AOU., (2005). Forty-sixth supplemen
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Several Sri Lankan mammals are repr
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Phillips, W. W. A., (1935). Manual
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Analysis of Faunal GroupsDevaka Wee
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Table 2. The geographic distributio
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TaxonomyThe present knowledge of pt
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ThreatsVast majority of pteridophyt
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Ranil, R.H.G., Pushpakumara, D.K.N.
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Table 14: List of Pteridophytes in
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Family/ Scientific Name Common name
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Present Status of Dry-zone Flora in
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Figure 1. Tropical semi-deciduous f
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Prominent plant families in dry for
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According to the plant records avai
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is very likely to devastate this ec
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Present status of Lowland Wet Zone
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DistributionHigh degree of endemism
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- Taxonomic research on closely rel
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Present Status of Montane Forests i
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Death of trees in the montane fores
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Conservation of our mountain forest
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(saltpans, reservoirs, gravel/brick
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category (CR); three under Endanger
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and eutrophication (due to agricult
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IAS list (Eichhornia crassipes). Th
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- With the introduction of exotic a
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Present Status of Mangroves in Sri
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decades, aiming at increasing the u
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Currently, at a global level, new k
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Conservation prioritiesIn order to
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Table 15: Summary of the Status of
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Family EX EWCR(PE)CR EN VU NT DD LC
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Page 347 and 348: Family/ Scientific Name Common name
Page 365 and 366: Distribution of Endemic Angiosperm
Page 367 and 368: PortulacaceaePotamogetonaceae (Rupp
Page 369 and 370: Threats to angiosperms may range fr
Page 371 and 372: Further, evaluation of the conserva
Page 373 and 374: MOE: Ministry of Environment, DWC:
Page 375 and 376: Area of focusResponsibleInstitution
Page 377 and 378: ReferencesAbayarathna, M. G. T., Ma
Page 379 and 380: Bingham, C. T., (1903). The fauna o
Page 381 and 382: de Silva, A. & Dawundasekara, D. M.
Page 383 and 384: Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. de A
Page 385 and 386: Jansen, M., (1981). Villus of the f
Page 387 and 388: Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Pethiyago
Page 389 and 390: Pradeep, D. M. N., (2001). Amphibia
Page 391 and 392: Singh, L. A. K., Acharjyo, L. N. &
Page 393 and 394: Werner, W.L., (1986). Monaragala -
Page 395 and 396: 1. Establishment of a national echi
Page 397: Provisional Checklist of Crinoidea,
Page 401 and 402: Extensive coral growth is limited t
Page 403 and 404: Rajasuriya A. 1994. Three genera an
Page 405 and 406: Tubastrea micrantha Ehrenberg, 1834
Page 407 and 408: References For Corals Recorded For
Page 409 and 410: Subgenera have generally not been u
Page 411 and 412: Family: SiliquariidaeTenagodus angu
Page 413 and 414: Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 17
Page 415 and 416: Terebra subulata Linnaeus, 1767 *Te
Page 417 and 418: Crassostrea cf. madrasensis (Presto
Page 419 and 420: Paphia sp. 1*Paphia sp. 2*Paphia sp
Page 421 and 422: DistributionMany Marine species inc
Page 423 and 424: Provisional Check List of the Marin
Page 425 and 426: Family: ArgissidaeArgissa hamatipes
Page 427 and 428: Macrobrachium malcomsoni 4Expalaemo
Page 429 and 430: Dromia dehanni 14Sponge crabDromiop
Page 431 and 432: Thalamita picta 2Thalamita prymna 1
Page 433 and 434: References1 W. A. Herdman, 1903-6.
Page 435 and 436: Provisional Checklist of Marine fis
Page 437 and 438: ReferencesDe Bruin, G. H. P., Russe
Page 439 and 440: Family: AriommatidaeEcsenius bicolo
Page 441 and 442: Chaetodon mertensii Cuvier, 1831 5N
Page 443 and 444: Ctenogobiops spp. 2Pomadasys commer
Page 445 and 446: 1, 14Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal,
Page 447 and 448: Family: NeoscopelidaeNeoscopelus ma
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Family: PseudochromidaeProtonibea d
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Family StromateidaePampus argenteus
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1, 17Family: GymnuridaeNarcine brun
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Provisional Checklist of the Leafho
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Tropical agricultural research. 20:
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Goniagnathus (T.) puntifer (Walker)
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Alebroides nigroscutellata (Distant
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Balthasar (1963), ScarabNet, the Sc
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Forest dwelling dung beetles may be
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A Provisional Checklist of Dung Bee
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Records of Centipede Fauna In Sri L
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9). Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus,
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Haase E. (1887) "Die Indisch-Austra
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Data Deficient (DD)A taxon is Data
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