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Óptica Moderna Fundamentos e aplicações - Fotonica.ifsc.usp.br ...

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A polarização da onda eletromagnética 99<<strong>br</strong> />

y E<<strong>br</strong> />

θ<<strong>br</strong> />

y<<strong>br</strong> />

θ’<<strong>br</strong> />

r k' r<<strong>br</strong> />

H r k r<<strong>br</strong> />

E' r<<strong>br</strong> />

H' r<<strong>br</strong> />

E<<strong>br</strong> />

θ θ’<<strong>br</strong> />

r<<strong>br</strong> />

H<<strong>br</strong> />

r<<strong>br</strong> />

k'<<strong>br</strong> />

r k r<<strong>br</strong> />

E' r<<strong>br</strong> />

H' r<<strong>br</strong> />

E" r<<strong>br</strong> />

θ”<<strong>br</strong> />

(a)<<strong>br</strong> />

k" (b)<<strong>br</strong> />

r<<strong>br</strong> />

H" r<<strong>br</strong> />

n1 x<<strong>br</strong> />

n2<<strong>br</strong> />

θ”<<strong>br</strong> />

H" r<<strong>br</strong> />

Fig. 5.14 - Reflexão e refração de uma onda (a) TE (polarização s) e (b) TM<<strong>br</strong> />

(polarização p). O círculo aberto significa que o campo está saindo<<strong>br</strong> />

do plano e a cruz que ele está entrando no plano.<<strong>br</strong> />

Caso b) TM<<strong>br</strong> />

E" r<<strong>br</strong> />

k" r<<strong>br</strong> />

H - H’= H” (5.26a)<<strong>br</strong> />

E cos θ + E′<<strong>br</strong> />

cos θ = E′<<strong>br</strong> />

′ cos θ ′<<strong>br</strong> />

(5.26b)<<strong>br</strong> />

Novamente, usando a eq. (5.11) para eliminar H em função de E,<<strong>br</strong> />

obtemos: k(<<strong>br</strong> />

E - E′<<strong>br</strong> />

) = k′<<strong>br</strong> />

′ E′<<strong>br</strong> />

′ , de onde sai:<<strong>br</strong> />

τ π<<strong>br</strong> />

ρ π<<strong>br</strong> />

E′<<strong>br</strong> />

′<<strong>br</strong> />

= =<<strong>br</strong> />

E n<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

2n1<<strong>br</strong> />

cosθ<<strong>br</strong> />

cosθ<<strong>br</strong> />

+ n cos<<strong>br</strong> />

1<<strong>br</strong> />

θ ′<<strong>br</strong> />

E′<<strong>br</strong> />

− n<<strong>br</strong> />

θ ′<<strong>br</strong> />

2 cosθ<<strong>br</strong> />

+ n1<<strong>br</strong> />

cos<<strong>br</strong> />

= =<<strong>br</strong> />

E n cosθ<<strong>br</strong> />

+ n cosθ<<strong>br</strong> />

′<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

1<<strong>br</strong> />

(5.27a)<<strong>br</strong> />

(5.27b)<<strong>br</strong> />

As equações acima podem ser modificadas usando-se a lei de<<strong>br</strong> />

2 2 2<<strong>br</strong> />

Snell para cos θ " = 1−<<strong>br</strong> />

sen θ"<<strong>br</strong> />

= 1−<<strong>br</strong> />

( n1<<strong>br</strong> />

n 2 ) sen θ , e o índice de<<strong>br</strong> />

refração relativo (n = n2/n1):<<strong>br</strong> />

ρ σ<<strong>br</strong> />

cos θ −<<strong>br</strong> />

=<<strong>br</strong> />

cos θ +<<strong>br</strong> />

n<<strong>br</strong> />

n<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

− sen θ<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

− sen θ<<strong>br</strong> />

(5.28a)<<strong>br</strong> />

S. C. Zilio <strong>Óptica</strong> <strong>Moderna</strong> – <strong>Fundamentos</strong> e Aplicações

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