Óptica Moderna Fundamentos e aplicações - Fotonica.ifsc.usp.br ...
Óptica Moderna Fundamentos e aplicações - Fotonica.ifsc.usp.br ...
Óptica Moderna Fundamentos e aplicações - Fotonica.ifsc.usp.br ...
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106<<strong>br</strong> />
Jones escreveu este campo da forma matricial:<<strong>br</strong> />
E r<<strong>br</strong> />
A polarização da onda eletromagnética<<strong>br</strong> />
⎛ E0x<<strong>br</strong> />
⎜<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝E<<strong>br</strong> />
0ye<<strong>br</strong> />
= −iδ<<strong>br</strong> />
⎞<<strong>br</strong> />
⎟<<strong>br</strong> />
⎠<<strong>br</strong> />
(5.41)<<strong>br</strong> />
Usando este formalismo podemos escrever o campo elétrico para<<strong>br</strong> />
as várias polarizações já vistas:<<strong>br</strong> />
⎛E<<strong>br</strong> />
0x<<strong>br</strong> />
⎞<<strong>br</strong> />
(a) LP (δ = 0)<<strong>br</strong> />
E = ⎜ ⎟<<strong>br</strong> />
(5.42a)<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝E<<strong>br</strong> />
0y<<strong>br</strong> />
⎠<<strong>br</strong> />
(b) CPH (δ = π/2)<<strong>br</strong> />
(c) CPAH (δ = - π/2)<<strong>br</strong> />
r<<strong>br</strong> />
⎛ E<<strong>br</strong> />
⎜<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝E<<strong>br</strong> />
e ainda definir operações tais como:<<strong>br</strong> />
(i) Soma:<<strong>br</strong> />
⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞<<strong>br</strong> />
⎟ = E ⎜ ⎟<<strong>br</strong> />
⎠ ⎝−<<strong>br</strong> />
i⎠<<strong>br</strong> />
0<<strong>br</strong> />
E = −iπ<<strong>br</strong> />
/ 2 0<<strong>br</strong> />
0e<<strong>br</strong> />
r<<strong>br</strong> />
⎛ E<<strong>br</strong> />
⎜<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝E<<strong>br</strong> />
0e<<strong>br</strong> />
⎞ ⎛1⎞<<strong>br</strong> />
⎟ = E ⎜ ⎟<<strong>br</strong> />
⎠ ⎝i<<strong>br</strong> />
⎠<<strong>br</strong> />
0<<strong>br</strong> />
E = iπ<<strong>br</strong> />
/ 2 0<<strong>br</strong> />
r r<<strong>br</strong> />
E + E'<<strong>br</strong> />
=<<strong>br</strong> />
(5.42b)<<strong>br</strong> />
(5.42c)<<strong>br</strong> />
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛1⎞<<strong>br</strong> />
⎛1<<strong>br</strong> />
⎞<<strong>br</strong> />
⎜ ⎟ + E ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟<<strong>br</strong> />
0 2E<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝−<<strong>br</strong> />
i⎠<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝i<<strong>br</strong> />
⎠ ⎜ ⎟<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝0⎠<<strong>br</strong> />
E 0<<strong>br</strong> />
0<<strong>br</strong> />
E<<strong>br</strong> />
⎛a<<strong>br</strong> />
⎞<<strong>br</strong> />
= ⎜ ⎟<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝b<<strong>br</strong> />
⎠<<strong>br</strong> />
r<<strong>br</strong> />
E' ⎛ c ⎞<<strong>br</strong> />
= ⎜ ⎟<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝d<<strong>br</strong> />
⎠<<strong>br</strong> />
r<<strong>br</strong> />
(ii) Produto escalar: tomando e temos:<<strong>br</strong> />
r<<strong>br</strong> />
E<<strong>br</strong> />
r<<strong>br</strong> />
E<<strong>br</strong> />
r<<strong>br</strong> />
E'<<strong>br</strong> />
r<<strong>br</strong> />
E'<<strong>br</strong> />
⎛c<<strong>br</strong> />
⎞<<strong>br</strong> />
= ( a * b*<<strong>br</strong> />
) ⎜ ⎟ = a * c + b*<<strong>br</strong> />
d . Dois vetores são ortogonais quando<<strong>br</strong> />
⎝d<<strong>br</strong> />
⎠<<strong>br</strong> />
= 0 . Como exemplo, temos: e , e<<strong>br</strong> />
Dentro desta abordagem podemos associar, a cada sistema óptico,<<strong>br</strong> />
uma matriz que modifica o campo incidente, dando origem ao campo<<strong>br</strong> />
emergente desejado, de maneira análoga ao que foi feito na óptica<<strong>br</strong> />
geométrica. Vamos escrever as matrizes para os elementos já vistos:<<strong>br</strong> />
S. C. Zilio <strong>Óptica</strong> <strong>Moderna</strong> – <strong>Fundamentos</strong> e Aplicações