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Óptica Moderna Fundamentos e aplicações - Fotonica.ifsc.usp.br ...

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278<<strong>br</strong> />

k<<strong>br</strong> />

2 ( n ω c)<<strong>br</strong> />

( n ω c)<<strong>br</strong> />

z<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

x<<strong>br</strong> />

+<<strong>br</strong> />

= 1<<strong>br</strong> />

<strong>Óptica</strong> de cristais<<strong>br</strong> />

S. C. Zilio <strong>Óptica</strong> <strong>Moderna</strong> – <strong>Fundamentos</strong> e Aplicações<<strong>br</strong> />

x<<strong>br</strong> />

k<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

z<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

(14.32)<<strong>br</strong> />

que são as equações de uma circunferência e de uma elipse. Na Fig. 14.4<<strong>br</strong> />

apresentamos a representação gráfica das eqs. (14.31) e (14.32). O plano<<strong>br</strong> />

kxky é conhecido como plano óptico por conter os eixos ópticos do cristal.<<strong>br</strong> />

Fig. 14.4 - Curva de nível da superfície normal no plano ky = 0, que contém os<<strong>br</strong> />

eixos ópticos.<<strong>br</strong> />

c) Plano kykz<<strong>br</strong> />

Novamente repetimos o procedimento anterior para o plano kx = 0.<<strong>br</strong> />

Assim, a eq. (14.26) fica na forma:<<strong>br</strong> />

2 2<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

2 2 2<<strong>br</strong> />

( − k − k ) [ ( ωµε − k )( ωµε − k ) − k k ] = 0<<strong>br</strong> />

ωµε (14.33)<<strong>br</strong> />

x<<strong>br</strong> />

y<<strong>br</strong> />

Fazendo os dois termos nulos, temos:<<strong>br</strong> />

z<<strong>br</strong> />

y<<strong>br</strong> />

z<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

2 2 ⎛ ω ⎞<<strong>br</strong> />

k y k z = ⎜n<<strong>br</strong> />

x ⎟<<strong>br</strong> />

⎝ c ⎠<<strong>br</strong> />

k<<strong>br</strong> />

z<<strong>br</strong> />

y<<strong>br</strong> />

+ (14.34)<<strong>br</strong> />

k<<strong>br</strong> />

2 ( n ω c)<<strong>br</strong> />

( n ω c)<<strong>br</strong> />

z<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

y<<strong>br</strong> />

+<<strong>br</strong> />

kz<<strong>br</strong> />

nyω/c<<strong>br</strong> />

e.o. e.o.<<strong>br</strong> />

nxω/c<<strong>br</strong> />

y<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

z<<strong>br</strong> />

2<<strong>br</strong> />

= 1<<strong>br</strong> />

kx<<strong>br</strong> />

nzω/c<<strong>br</strong> />

y<<strong>br</strong> />

z<<strong>br</strong> />

(14.35)

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