The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

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Amphibians and pesticides Dawson DA, Schultz TW and Hunter RS, 1996. Developmental toxicity of carboxylic acids to Xenopus embryos: a quantitative structure-activity relationship and computer-automated structure, Teratogenesis Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis, 16, 109-124. De Zwart D and Slooff W, 1987. Toxicity of mixtures of heavy metals and petrochemicals to Xenopus laevis, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 38, 345-351. Denton, J. S. and T. J. C. Beebee, 1993. Density-related features of natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) populations in Britain, Journal of Zoology (London), 229(1): 105-119. Deshmukh PB and Keshavan R, 1984. Acute toxicity of DDT and sevin to the bullfrog, Rana tigrina, Journal of Current Biosciences, 1(4), 141-145. Diaz-Paniagua C, 1988. Temporal segregation in larval amphibian communities in temporary ponds at a locality in SW Spain, Amphibia Reptilia, 9(1), 15-26. Dimancea N and Covaciu Marcov SD, 2009, The trophic spectrum of a Bufo bufo population (Amphibia) from Iezer Mountain, Argeş County, Romania, University of Craiova Vol. XIV (XLX), 469-474. Dimmitt MA and Ruibal R, 1980. Exploitation of food resources by spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus), Copeia, 1980(4), 854-862. Dinehart SK, Smith LM, McMurry ST, Smith PN, Anderson TA and Haukos DA, 2010. Acute and chronic toxicity of Roundup Weathermax (R) and Ignite (R) 280 SL to larval Spea multiplicata and S. bombifrons from the Southern High Plains, USA, Environmental Pollution 158(8), 2610-2617. Dürr S, Berger G and und Kretschmer H, 1999. Effekte acker- und pflanzenbaulicher Bewirtschaftung auf Amphibien und Empfehlungen für die Bewirtschaftung in Amphibien-Reproduktionszentren [Effects of cultivation methods on amphibians and recommendations for the management of amphibian-reproduction centers], Rana Sonderheft, 3, 101-116. Dwyer FJ, Hardesty DK, Henke CE, Ingersoll CG, Whites DW, Mount DR and Bridges CM, 1999. Assessing Contaminant Sensitivity of Endangered and Threatened Species: Toxicant Classes. EPA 600/R-99/098, U.S.EPA, Washington, D.C., 15 p. Dwyer FJ, Mayer FL, Sappington LC, Buckler DR, Bridges CM, Greer IE, Hardesty DK, Henke CE, and Ingers CG, 2005. Assessing contaminant sensitivity of endangered and threatened aquatic species: Part I. Acute toxicity of five chemicals, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 48(2), 143-154. Edery H and Schatzberg-Porath G, 1960. Studies on the effect of organophosphorus insecticides on amphibians, Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie, 124, 212-224. Edginton AN, Sheridan PM, Stephenson GR, Thompson DG and Boermans HJ, 2004a. Comparative effects of pH and Vision herbicide on two life stages of four anuran amphibian species, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23(4), 815-822. Edginton AN, Sheridan PM, Boermans HJ, Thompson DG, Holt JD and Stephenson GR, 2004b. A comparison of two factorial designs, a complete 3x3 factorial and a central composite rotatable design, for use in binomial response experiments in aquatic toxicology, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 46(2), 216-223. Edginton AN, Stephenson GR, Sheridan PM, Thompson DG, and Boermans HJ, 2003. Effect of pH and Release on two life stages of four anuran amphibians, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 22(11), 2673-2678. Edmisten GE and Bantle JA, 1982. Use of Xenopus laevis larvae in 96-hour, flow-through toxicity tests with naphthalene, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 29, 392-399. Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 106 The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors.
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Supporting Publications 2012:EN-343
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Amphibians and pe
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TERMS OF REFERENCE AS PROVIDED BY E
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1.1. European species Amphibians an
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Amphibians and pesticides Common na
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Amphibians and pesticides Table 2:
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Amphibians and pesticides Common na
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Amphibians and pesticides 1.2. Asso
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Amphibians and pesticides were not
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Amphibians and pesticides release.
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Amphibians and pesticides Given thi
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Amphibians and pesticides Other app
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Table 8: References relating to der
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Species Stage (size) Pesticide (For
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Amphibians and pesticides Xiao et a
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Amphibians and pesticides is also l
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Table 11: 96h LC50 data for amphibi
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Amphibian
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Page 55 and 56: CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Amphibian
Page 61 and 62: CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 38641940
Page 75 and 76: CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 131522 So
Page 77 and 78: CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 131522 So
Page 83 and 84: Table 12: LD50 data from dosing stu
Page 85 and 86: Pesticide % a.i. Test material DDT
Page 87 and 88: Pesticide % a.i. Test material Dime
Page 89 and 90: Pesticide % a.i. Test material Ekat
Page 91 and 92: Pesticide % a.i. Mevinphos (Fosdrin
Page 93 and 94: Pesticide % a.i. Permethrin [(1R)-t
Page 95 and 96: Pesticide % a.i. Test material S-Bi
Page 97 and 98: Pesticide % a.i. Test material TEPP
Page 99 and 100: Amphibians and pesticides The limit
Page 101 and 102: Amphibians and pesticides Andreone
Page 103 and 104: Amphibians and pesticides Bidwell J
Page 105: Amphibians and pesticides Chenoweth
Page 109 and 110: Amphibians and pesticides Garcia-Mu
Page 111 and 112: Amphibians and pesticides Hoglund J
Page 113 and 114: Amphibians and pesticides Kennedy I
Page 115 and 116: Amphibians and pesticides Lippe C,
Page 117 and 118: Amphibians and pesticides Nagy KA,
Page 119 and 120: Amphibians and pesticides Pellet J,
Page 121 and 122: Amphibians and pesticides Saka M, 2
Page 123 and 124: Amphibians and pesticides Snawder J
Page 125 and 126: Amphibians and pesticides Vogrin M
Page 127 and 128: APPENDICES A. SEARCH LOGIC EFSA Con
Page 129 and 130: Amphibians and pesticides 35. (Endo
Page 131 and 132: Amphibians and pesticides 77. track
Page 133 and 134: B. SPECIES INFORMATION - GREAT CRES
Page 135 and 136: Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex S
Page 139 and 140: Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex F
Page 141 and 142: Table 20: Seasonal activities of Tr
Page 143 and 144: 1. Body size Table 22: Bodyweight o
Page 147 and 148: Table 26: Diet of Triturus vulgaris
Page 149 and 150: Table 28: Diet of newly metamorphos
Page 151 and 152: 5. Other information Table 30: Age/
Page 153 and 154: 1. Body size Table 31: Bodyweight o
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2. Metabolic rate Table 33: Metabol
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Table 35: Diet of Rana temporaria i
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Table 37: Diet of Rana temporaria i
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Table 39: Seasonal activities of Ra
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E. SPECIES INFORMATION - COMMON TOA
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Table 44: Body length of Bufo bufo.
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Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex S
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3. Diet Table 46: Diet of Bufo bufo
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Table 48: Diet of Bufo bufo in the
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Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex F
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4. Seasonal activities Amphibians a
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5. Other information Table 53: Age/
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1. Body size Table 55: Bodyweight o
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Table 59: Diet of Hyla arborea in R
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Table 60: Seasonal activities of Hy
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Amphibians and pesticides G. SPECIE
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3. Diet Table 66: Diet of Bufo cala
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Amphibians and pesticides Begin Pea
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Amphibians and pesticides Sex Mean
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1. Body size Table 73: Bodyweight o
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2. Metabolic rate No metabolic rate
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Amphibians and pesticides Carabidae
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Table 80: Age at sexual maturity fo
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 94757 2,4
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 38641940
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 1910425 P
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 131522 So
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J. SELECTED 48H LC50 DATA Table 82:
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 38641940
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 7487947 M
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 298000 Pa
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K. SELECTED 72H LC50 DATA Table 83:
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L. SELECTED LC50 DATA FOR ‘OTHER
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 94757 2,4
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M. OMITTED LC50 DATA Table 85: Omit
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Test mate
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CAS Pesticide name 8011630 Bordeaux
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CAS Pesticide name 298000 Parathion
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CAS Pesticide name 56359 Tributylti
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Amphibians and pesticides Andreone
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Amphibians and pesticides Red List
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Amphibians and pesticides Lyciasala
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The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

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