The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

CAS Pesticide name %
a.i.
4685147 Paraquat 99 Technical
(Analytical
grade)
1910425 Paraquat
dichloride
298000 Parathionmethyl,
methyl
parathion
298000 Parathionmethyl,
methyl
parathion
298000 Parathionmethyl,
methyl
parathion
87865 Pentachlorophen
ol
Amphibians and pesticides
Test material Species Stage Temp.
(°C)
Xenopus laevis Embryos 24 (23-
25)
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 270
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Test
type
Staticrenewal
Dura
tion
(h)
LC50
(mg/L)
LC50
based on
72 3.3 Active
ingredient
27.6 Formulation Scinax nasica Tadpoles 16±1 Static- 72 24.95 Active
renewal
ingredient
50 Formulation Rana
Adults 23±0.2 Renewal 72 13.1 Active
cyanophlyctis
ingredient
50 Formulation Rana
cyanophlyctis
Adults 23±0.2 Renewal 72 13.8 Active
ingredient
99 Technical Rana tigrina Tadpoles 20-21 Static 72 3.3 Active
ingredient
99 Technical Bufo boreas Tadpoles 22 Static 72 0.52 Active
ingredient
52645531 Permethrin 95.2 Technical Bufo boreas Tadpoles 22 Static 72 >10 Active
ingredient
23103982 Pirimicarb 50 Formulation Rhinella Tadpoles 25±1 Renewal 72 111.80 Active
arenarum
ingredient
23103982 Pirimicarb 50 Formulation Rhinella Tadpoles 25±1 Renewal 72 74.85 Active
arenarum
ingredient
41198087 Profenofos 40 Formulation Rana spinosa Tadpoles 21±1 Renewal 72 0.77 Active
ingredient
122349 Simazine 89 Formulation Rana
Tadpoles 15 NR 72 2000 Formulatio
catesbeiana
n
1014706 Simetryn 99.9 Technical Silurana Tadpoles 25±1 Renewal 72 4.44 Active
tropicalis
ingredient
131522 Sodium 90 Technical Ambystoma Larvae 20±1 Renewal 72 0.21 Active
pentachlorophen
oxide
mexicanum
ingredient
Reference Data
line
Osano et al.
(2002a)
Lajmanovich
et al. (1998)
Mudgall and
Patil (1987)
Mudgall and
Patil (1987)
Luo et al
(2003)
1235
1236
1237
1238
1240
Dwyer et al 1241
(1999)
Dwyer et al 1242
(1999)
Candioti et al 1245
(2010)
Candioti et al 1246
(2010)
Li et al (2010) 1248
Wan et al
(2006)
1253
Saka (2010) 1254
Saka (2003) 1255