The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

Amphibians and pesticides
Lippe C, Bellantuono V, Valenti G and Ardizzone C, 1992. The nature of chloride secretion, induced
by carbaryl, across the isolated skin of Rana esculenta, Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology C
Comparative Pharmacology & Toxicology, 103(2), 387-389.
Liu W, Wang C, Wang T, Fellers GM, Lai B and Kam Y, 2011. Impacts of the herbicide butachlor on
the larvae of a paddy field breeding frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) in subtropical Taiwan.
Ecotoxicology, 20(2), 377-384.
Liu Z, Zhou F, and Jin H, 1995. Relationship between bioaccumulation, distribution of met and lipid
content of aquatic organisms, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 7(2), 212-217.
Liu ZT, Kong ZM, Zhou F and Wang LS, 1996. Bioconcentration and toxicity effect on lipid content
of aquatic organisms, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 56(1), 135-142.
Loman J, 2002. Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana
arvalis and R. temporaria in the field. Journal of Zoology (London). 258(1): 115-129.
Loman J and Lardner B, 2006. Does pond quality limit frogs Rana arvalis and Rana temporaria in
agricultural landscapes? A field experiment, Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 690–700.
Loman J and Lardner B, 2009. Does landscape and habitat limit the frogs Rana arvalis and Rana
temporaria in agricultural landscapes? A field experiment, Applied Herpetology, 6, 227–236.
Lombardi JV, Perpetuo TR, Ferreira CM, Machado Neto JG and Marques HLA, 2002. Acute toxicity
of the fungicide copper oxychloride to tadpoles of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana, Bulletin of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 69(3), 415-420.
Luo YC, Zeng QR, Wu G, Luan ZK, Yang RB and Liao BH, 2003. Effect of beta-cyclodextrin
compounds on the solubilization of three selected pesticides and their toxicity with methyl
parathion to Rana tigrina tadpoles, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,
70(5), 998-1005.
Lyons DB, Buckner CH, McLeod BB and Sundaram KMS, 1976. The Effects of Fenitrothion, Matacil
and Orthene on Frog Larvae. Rep.No.CC-X-129, Chemical Control Research Institute,
Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario: 86 p.
Malmgren JC and Thollesson M, 1999. Sexual size and shape dimorphism in two species of newts,
Triturus cristatus and T. vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae), Journal of Zoology, 249(2), 127-136.
Malmgren JC, 2002. How does a newt find its way from a pond? Migration patterns after breeding and
metamorphosis in great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) and smooth newts (T. vulgaris),
Herpetological Journal 12(1), 29-35.
Mann RM and Bidwell JR, 1999. The toxicity of glyphosate and several glyphosate formulations to
four species of southwestern Australian frogs, Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, 36, 193-199.
Marangoni F, Tejedo M and Gomez-Mestre I, 2008. Extreme reduction in body size and reproductive
output associated with sandy substrates in two anuran species, Amphibia-Reptilia, 29(4), 541-553.
Marchal-Segault MD, 1976, Toxicity of some insecticides on Bufo-bufo tadpoles, Bulletin d'Ecologie,
7(4), 411-416.
Marco A, Cash D, Belden L and Blaustein A, 2001, Sensitivity to urea fertilization in three amphibian
species. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 40, 406-409.
Marian MP, Arul V and Pandian TJ, 1983. Acute and chronic effects of carbaryl on survival, growth,
and metamorphosis in the bullfrog (Rana tigrina), Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, 12(3), 271-275.
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 115
The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively
by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender
procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be
considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the
issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors.