The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium 38641940 Glyphosate isopropylammo nium Amphibians and pesticides Test material Species Stage Temp. (°C) Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 64 The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. Test type 35.6 Formulation Rana pipiens Larvae 22±1 Staticrenewal 35.6 Formulation Rana pipiens Larvae 20.26±0. 13 35.6 Formulation Rana pipiens Larvae 20.30±0. 12 35.6 Formulation Xenopus laevis Larvae 22±1 Staticrenewal 35.6 Formulation Xenopus laevis Larvae 22±1 Staticrenewal NR Technical Crinia insignifera NR Formulation Crinia insignifera Dura tion (h) LC50 (mg/L) LC50 based on 96 1.8 Active ingredient Lentic 96 11.47 Active ingredient Lentic 96 4.25 Active ingredient 96 0.88 Active ingredient 96 2.1 Active ingredient NR NR Static 96 78 Active ingredient Tadpoles NR Static 96 39.7 Formulatio n 36 Formulation Litoria moorei Tadpoles 20±2 Renewal 96 7.66 Active ingredient 48 Formulation Scinax nasicus Tadpoles 22±2 Renewal 96 1.5024 Active ingredient 48 Formulation Scinax nasicus Tadpoles 22±2 Static 96 2.5296 Active ingredient (calculated ) (calc) Reference Data line Edgington et al. (2004) Wojtaszek et al (2004) Wojtaszek et al (2004) Edgington et al. (2004) Edgington et al. (2004) Office of Pesticide Programs (2000) Office of Pesticide Programs (2000) Bidwell and Gorrie (1995) Lajmanovich et al. (2003b) Lajmanovich et al. (2003b) 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690
CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 81591813 Glyphosate trimesium Amphibians and pesticides Test material Species Stage Temp. (°C) Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 65 The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. Test type Dura tion (h) LC50 (mg/L) LC50 based on 36 Formulation Rana clamitans Tadpoles 20±1 Static 96 >17.9 Active ingredient 76448 Heptachlor 99 Technical Bufo woodhousei fowleri 76448 Heptachlor NR Technical Bufo woodhousei fowleri 0 Imazapyr NR Technical Rana catesbeiana 0 Imazapyr 27.6 Formulation Rana catesbeiana 0 Imazapyr 28.7 Formulation Rana catesbeiana (a.e.) Tadpoles 15 Static 96 0.435 Active ingredient Tadpoles 15.5±0.5 Static 96 0.44 Active ingredient Tadpoles 22 Staticrenewal Tadpoles 22 Staticrenewal Tadpoles 22 Staticrenewal 96 799.6 Active ingredient 96 14.7 Active ingredient 96 1739 Active ingredient 13826141 Imidacloprid >95 Technical Rana Tadpoles 20±1 Renewal 96 82 Active 3 limnocharis ingredient 13826141 Imidacloprid >95 Technical Rana Tadpoles 20±1 Renewal 96 129 Active 3 nigromaculata ingredient 121755 Malathion NR Technical Rhinella Larvae NR Renewal 96 19.2 Active arenarum ingredient 121755 Malathion NR Formulation Bufo marinus Tadpoles NR Static 96 1.5 Active ingredient 121755 Malathion NR Technical Bufo Tadpoles NR Static 96 0.42 Active woodhousei ingredient 121755 Malathion 95 Technical Bufo woodhousei fowleri Tadpoles 15 Static 96 0.42 Active ingredient Reference Data line Howe et al. (2004) Mayer and Ellersieck (1986) Sanders (1970) Trumbo and Waligora (2009) Trumbo and Waligora (2009) Trumbo and Waligora (2009) Feng et al (2004) Feng et al (2004) Venturino et al (1992) Tejada et al (1994) Office of Pesticide Programs (2000) Mayer and Ellersieck (1986) 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1701 1702 1703 1704
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Supporting Publications 2012:EN-343
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Amphibians and pe
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TERMS OF REFERENCE AS PROVIDED BY E
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1.1. European species Amphibians an
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Amphibians and pesticides Common na
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Amphibians and pesticides Table 2:
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Page 19 and 20: Amphibians and pesticides were not
Page 21 and 22: Amphibians and pesticides release.
Page 23 and 24: Amphibians and pesticides Given thi
Page 25 and 26: Amphibians and pesticides Other app
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Page 31 and 32: Species Stage (size) Pesticide (For
Page 37 and 38: Amphibians and pesticides Xiao et a
Page 39 and 40: Amphibians and pesticides is also l
Page 41 and 42: Table 11: 96h LC50 data for amphibi
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Page 83 and 84: Table 12: LD50 data from dosing stu
Page 85 and 86: Pesticide % a.i. Test material DDT
Page 87 and 88: Pesticide % a.i. Test material Dime
Page 89 and 90: Pesticide % a.i. Test material Ekat
Page 91 and 92: Pesticide % a.i. Mevinphos (Fosdrin
Page 93 and 94: Pesticide % a.i. Permethrin [(1R)-t
Page 95 and 96: Pesticide % a.i. Test material S-Bi
Page 97 and 98: Pesticide % a.i. Test material TEPP
Page 99 and 100: Amphibians and pesticides The limit
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Page 103 and 104: Amphibians and pesticides Bidwell J
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Page 107 and 108: Amphibians and pesticides EFSA, 200
Page 109 and 110: Amphibians and pesticides Garcia-Mu
Page 111 and 112: Amphibians and pesticides Hoglund J
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Amphibians and pesticides Lippe C,
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Amphibians and pesticides Nagy KA,
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Amphibians and pesticides Pellet J,
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Amphibians and pesticides Saka M, 2
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Amphibians and pesticides Snawder J
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Amphibians and pesticides Vogrin M
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APPENDICES A. SEARCH LOGIC EFSA Con
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Amphibians and pesticides 35. (Endo
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Amphibians and pesticides 77. track
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B. SPECIES INFORMATION - GREAT CRES
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Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex S
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Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex F
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Table 20: Seasonal activities of Tr
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1. Body size Table 22: Bodyweight o
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Table 26: Diet of Triturus vulgaris
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Table 28: Diet of newly metamorphos
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5. Other information Table 30: Age/
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2. Metabolic rate Table 33: Metabol
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Table 35: Diet of Rana temporaria i
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Table 37: Diet of Rana temporaria i
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Table 39: Seasonal activities of Ra
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E. SPECIES INFORMATION - COMMON TOA
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Table 44: Body length of Bufo bufo.
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3. Diet Table 46: Diet of Bufo bufo
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Table 48: Diet of Bufo bufo in the
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Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex F
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4. Seasonal activities Amphibians a
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5. Other information Table 53: Age/
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Table 59: Diet of Hyla arborea in R
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Table 60: Seasonal activities of Hy
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Amphibians and pesticides G. SPECIE
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3. Diet Table 66: Diet of Bufo cala
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Amphibians and pesticides Begin Pea
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Amphibians and pesticides Sex Mean
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2. Metabolic rate No metabolic rate
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Amphibians and pesticides Carabidae
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Table 80: Age at sexual maturity fo
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 94757 2,4
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Amphibian
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 38641940
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 1910425 P
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 131522 So
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J. SELECTED 48H LC50 DATA Table 82:
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 38641940
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 7487947 M
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 298000 Pa
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K. SELECTED 72H LC50 DATA Table 83:
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L. SELECTED LC50 DATA FOR ‘OTHER
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 94757 2,4
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M. OMITTED LC50 DATA Table 85: Omit
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Test mate
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CAS Pesticide name 8011630 Bordeaux
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CAS Pesticide name 298000 Parathion
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CAS Pesticide name 56359 Tributylti
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Amphibians and pesticides Andreone
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Amphibians and pesticides Red List
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Amphibians and pesticides Lyciasala
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The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

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