The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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CAS Pesticide name %<br />
a.i.<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Test material Species Stage Temp.<br />
(°C)<br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 48<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.<br />
Test<br />
type<br />
Dura<br />
tion<br />
(h)<br />
LC50<br />
(mg/L)<br />
LC50<br />
based on<br />
63252 Carbaryl 99.7 Technical Rana clamitans Tadpoles 27 Static 96 11.32 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
63252 Carbaryl 99.7 Technical Rana clamitans Tadpoles 22 Static 96 17.36 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
63252 Carbaryl 99.7 Technical Rana clamitans Tadpoles 17 Static 96 22.02 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
63252 Carbaryl NR (Technical) Rana<br />
Tadpoles 22 Static 96 8.4 Active<br />
sphenocephala<br />
ingredient<br />
63252 Carbaryl 99.7 Technical Xenopus laevis Tadpoles 23±1 Static, 96 1.73 Active<br />
nonrenewal<br />
ingredient<br />
10605217 Carbendazim >96 Technical Xenopus laevis Embryos 24±0.5 Renewal 96 0.0010 Active<br />
72 ingredient<br />
1563662 Carb<strong>of</strong>uran 75 Technical Microhyla Embryos NR Renewal 96 44.23 Active<br />
ornata<br />
ingredient<br />
1563662 Carb<strong>of</strong>uran 75 Formulation Microhyla<br />
ornata<br />
1563662 Carb<strong>of</strong>uran 75 Technical Microhyla<br />
ornata<br />
Tadpoles 25±1 Renewal 96 13.47 Formulatio<br />
n<br />
Tadpoles NR Renewal 96 13.47 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
1563662 Carb<strong>of</strong>uran 3 Formulation Rana<br />
Tadpoles 29 Static? 96 7.8 Active<br />
hexadactyla<br />
ingredient<br />
786196 Carbophenothio NR Technical Pseudacris Tadpoles 15.5±0.5 Static 96 0.028 Active<br />
n<br />
triseriata<br />
ingredient<br />
90982324 Chlorimuron- 75 Formulation Bufo bufo Tadpoles 22±2 Renewal 96 164 Active<br />
ethyl<br />
gargarizans<br />
ingredient<br />
2921882 Chlorpyrifos 99.8 Technical Xenopus laevis Embryos 24.7 Renewal 96 2.41 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
Reference Data<br />
line<br />
Boone <strong>and</strong><br />
Bridges<br />
(1999)<br />
Boone <strong>and</strong><br />
Bridges<br />
(1999)<br />
Boone <strong>and</strong><br />
Bridges<br />
(1999)<br />
Bridges et al<br />
(2002)<br />
Zaga et al<br />
(1998)<br />
Yoon et al<br />
(2008)<br />
Pawar <strong>and</strong><br />
Katdare<br />
(1984)<br />
Pawar <strong>and</strong><br />
Katdare<br />
(1983)<br />
Pawar <strong>and</strong><br />
Katdare<br />
(1984)<br />
Andrews <strong>and</strong><br />
George (1991)<br />
S<strong>and</strong>ers<br />
(1970)<br />
Yin et al<br />
(2008)<br />
El-Merhibi et<br />
al (2004)<br />
1436<br />
1437<br />
1438<br />
1440<br />
1442<br />
1443<br />
1446<br />
1447<br />
1448<br />
1449<br />
1451<br />
1453<br />
1454
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