The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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3. Diet<br />
Table 25: Diet <strong>of</strong> Triturus vulgaris in Italy (Vignoli et al. 2009).<br />
Age Sex Food type Season Frequency <strong>of</strong><br />
occurrence<br />
Relative<br />
abundance<br />
(numeric)<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Relative<br />
abundance<br />
(volumetric)<br />
N Country Habitat Notes<br />
Adult - Isopoda All year 0.06 0.005 0.018 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Terrestrial prey<br />
Adult - Aranea All year 0.09 0.009 0.008 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Terrestrial prey<br />
Adult - Miriapoda All year 0.06 0.005 0.008 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Terrestrial prey<br />
Adult - Collembola All year 0.03 0.002 0.0001 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Terrestrial prey<br />
Adult - Brachycera All year 0.03 0.002 0.001 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Terrestrial prey<br />
Adult - Brachycera L. All year 0.03 0.002 0.002 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Terrestrial prey<br />
Adult - Hexapoda n.d. All year 0.13 0.013 0.001 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Terrestrial prey<br />
Adult - Gastropoda acq. All year 0.09 0.009 0.021 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Copepoda All year 0.38 0.082 0.015 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Caldocera All year 0.63 0.532 0.205 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Ostracoda All year 0.38 0.094 0.018 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Zygoptera L All year 0.13 0.011 0.015 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Anisoptera L All year 0.31 0.09 0.43 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Ephemeroptera L All year 0.19 0.016 0.029 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Coleoptera acq. All year 0.22 - - 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Coleoptera acq. L All year 0.16 0.046 0.08 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Nema<strong>to</strong>cera L All year 0.44 0.058 0.098 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Adult - Amphibia ova All year 0.09 0.025 0.052 38 Italy Ab<strong>and</strong>oned quarry Aquatic prey<br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 146<br />
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Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.
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