The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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Pesticide %<br />
a.i.<br />
Test<br />
material<br />
Ekatin NR NR Rana<br />
temporaria<br />
Ekatin NR NR Rana<br />
temporaria<br />
Fenitrothion NR Form. Rana<br />
temporaria<br />
Fenitrothion NR Form. Rana<br />
temporaria<br />
Fenpropathrin<br />
(S)<br />
NR Tech. Rana pipiens<br />
pipiens<br />
Species Stage Temp.<br />
°C<br />
Exposure<br />
type<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 89<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.<br />
Dur.<br />
(h)<br />
Dose<br />
levels<br />
Anim.<br />
/dose<br />
LD50<br />
(mg/kg)<br />
(95%<br />
CL)<br />
Comments Reference<br />
NR - - - - - 2480 Data is for females as<br />
reported in Gromysz-<br />
Kalkowska <strong>and</strong><br />
Szubar<strong>to</strong>wska (1993). No<br />
further details listed.<br />
NR - - - - - 2600 Data is for males as<br />
reported in Gromysz-<br />
Kalkowska <strong>and</strong><br />
Szubar<strong>to</strong>wska (1993). No<br />
Adult<br />
male<br />
(21-<br />
56g)<br />
Adult<br />
female<br />
(21-<br />
56g)<br />
Adult<br />
(20-<br />
30g)<br />
further details listed.<br />
NR SC 3 5 11 2400 Not clear whether data is<br />
for formulation or active<br />
ingredient, comparisons<br />
with other studies/species<br />
suggests active ingredient.<br />
Value based on Trevan's<br />
method. Value was<br />
2342mg/kg using the<br />
method <strong>of</strong> Reed <strong>and</strong><br />
Muench.<br />
NR SC 3 5 11 2220 Not clear whether data is<br />
for formulation or active<br />
ingredient, comparisons<br />
with other studies/species<br />
suggests active ingredient.<br />
Value based on Trevan's<br />
method. Value was<br />
2182mg/kg using the<br />
method <strong>of</strong> Reed <strong>and</strong><br />
20 SC 24 NR NR 0.27<br />
(0.12-<br />
0.63)<br />
Muench.<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 28-34 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
Szubar<strong>to</strong>wska<br />
(1990)<br />
Szubar<strong>to</strong>wska<br />
(1990)<br />
Gromysz-<br />
Kalkowska<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
Szubar<strong>to</strong>wska<br />
(1993b)<br />
Gromysz-<br />
Kalkowska<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
Szubar<strong>to</strong>wska<br />
(1993b)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)
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