The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Age Sex Season Mean SD/SE Units Min. Max. N Country Habitat Notes Reference<br />
Sud- - - - - mm <strong>to</strong>tal 41 98 - Germany Garden Immigrating newts Schonert <strong>and</strong> Schonert<br />
adult<br />
(2008)<br />
Adult F - - - mm <strong>to</strong>tal 83 148 - Germany Garden Immigrating newts Schonert <strong>and</strong> Schonert<br />
(2008)<br />
Adult M - - - mm <strong>to</strong>tal 82 161 - Germany Garden Immigrating newts Schonert <strong>and</strong> Schonert<br />
(2008)<br />
Adult M - 62.5 7.63 mm SVL - 80 - France ‘Pond’ - Francillon-Viellot et al<br />
SD<br />
(1990)<br />
Adult F - 69.7 6.17 mm SVL - 80 - France ‘Pond’ - Francillon-Viellot et al<br />
SD<br />
(1990)<br />
Adult M - 67.33 0.83 SE mm SVL 54.0 78.7 43 Sweden, Museum Tail length Malmgren <strong>and</strong><br />
Norway, specimens 47.56±0.70 SE Thollesson (1999)<br />
Denmark,<br />
Finl<strong>and</strong><br />
(range 38.4-54.9)<br />
Adult F - 71.21 0.61 SE mm SVL 59.4 82.9 71 Sweden, Museum Tail length Malmgren <strong>and</strong><br />
Norway, specimens 53.88±0.56 Thollesson (1999)<br />
Denmark,<br />
Finl<strong>and</strong><br />
(range42.1-62.2)<br />
Adult M - 68.38 2.22 mm SVL 65.00 71.00 8 Bulgaria Mountain Tail length Naumov <strong>and</strong> Tzankov<br />
SD<br />
51,14±1.57 SD<br />
(range 49.0-54.0)<br />
(2009)<br />
Adult F - 73.67 8.39 mm SVL 64.00 79.00 3 Bulgaria Mountain Tail length Naumov <strong>and</strong> Tzankov<br />
SD<br />
59.00±7.94 SD<br />
(range 50.0-65.0)<br />
(2009)<br />
Adult M - 58.5 5.6 SD mm SVL - - 17 France S<strong>and</strong> quarry Young adults (3y) Arntzen <strong>and</strong> Teunis<br />
(ab<strong>and</strong>oned)<br />
(1993)<br />
Adult F - 61.4 4.4 SD mm SVL - - 13 France S<strong>and</strong> quarry Young adults (3y) Arntzen <strong>and</strong> Teunis<br />
(ab<strong>and</strong>oned)<br />
(1993)<br />
Juvenile - - 44.4 4.0 SD mm SVL - - 30 France S<strong>and</strong> quarry<br />
Arntzen <strong>and</strong> Teunis<br />
(ab<strong>and</strong>oned)<br />
(1993)<br />
Juvenile - - 42.0 5.3 SD mm SVL - - 202 France S<strong>and</strong> quarry<br />
Arntzen <strong>and</strong> Teunis<br />
(ab<strong>and</strong>oned)<br />
(1993)<br />
Adult M All year 65 8 SD mm SVL - - Italy Mountain Reproductive Fasola <strong>and</strong> Canova<br />
(1992)<br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 136<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.
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