The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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CAS Pesticide<br />
name<br />
8011630 Bordeaux<br />
mixture<br />
(1 % CuSO4 +<br />
1% CaCO3 in<br />
H2O 1:1)<br />
8011630 Bordeaux<br />
mixture<br />
(1 % CuSO4 +<br />
1% CaCO3 in<br />
H2O 1:1)<br />
%<br />
a.i.<br />
Test<br />
material<br />
- Form. Microhyla<br />
ornata<br />
- Form. Microhyla<br />
ornata<br />
23184669 Butachlor NR ? Bufo bufo<br />
japonicus<br />
36335678 Butamifos NR ? Bufo bufo<br />
japonicus<br />
34681237 Bu<strong>to</strong>xycarbox NR ? Bufo bufo<br />
im<br />
japonicus<br />
133062 Captan NR ? Bufo bufo<br />
japonicus<br />
63252 Carbaryl NR Form. Rana<br />
hexadactyla<br />
10605217 Carbendazim NR ? Bufo bufo<br />
japonicus<br />
10605217 Carbendazim NR Form. Rana<br />
hexadactyla<br />
1563662 Carb<strong>of</strong>uran 75 NR Rana<br />
hexadactyla<br />
32861851 Chlomethoxyf NR ? Bufo bufo<br />
en,<br />
chlormethoxy<br />
nil<br />
japonicus<br />
57749 Chlordane NR ? Bufo vulgaris<br />
formosus<br />
57749 Chlordane NR ? Bufo vulgaris<br />
formosus<br />
Species Stage Temp.<br />
(°C)<br />
Tad. 25.5-<br />
25.9<br />
Tad. 25.5-<br />
25.9<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Exposure<br />
type<br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 297<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.<br />
Durat<br />
ion<br />
(h)<br />
LC50<br />
(mg/L)<br />
LC50<br />
based<br />
on<br />
Reference Data<br />
line<br />
Static 24 4.62 Form. Jayaprakash <strong>and</strong><br />
Madhyastha<br />
(1989)<br />
Static 24 4.92 Form. Jayaprakash <strong>and</strong><br />
Madhyastha<br />
(1989)<br />
Tad. 25 Static 24 1.8 ? Nishiuchi <strong>and</strong><br />
Yoshida (1975)<br />
Tad. 17.5 Static 24 3.3 ? Nishiuchi<br />
(1979)<br />
Tad. 17.5 Static 24 >40 ? Nishiuchi<br />
(1979)<br />
NR 17.3- NR 24 0.2 ? Nishiuchi<br />
22.6<br />
(1975)<br />
Tad. 14 (12- Static 24 150 Form. Khangarot et al<br />
17)<br />
(1985c)<br />
Tad. 25 Static 24 >40 ? Nishiuchi <strong>and</strong><br />
Yoshida (1975)<br />
Tad. 14 (12- Static 24 26.3 Form. Khangarot et al<br />
17)<br />
(1985c)<br />
Tad. 14 (12- Static 24 150 Form. Khangarot et al<br />
17)<br />
(1985c)<br />
Tad. 25 Static 24 >40 ? Nishiuchi <strong>and</strong><br />
Yoshida (1975)<br />
NR 25 NR 24 3.5 ? Nishiuchi<br />
(1980a)<br />
NR 25 NR 24 4.2-4.4 ? Nishiuchi<br />
(1980a)<br />
Reason for omission<br />
from main dataset<br />
165 Unclear as <strong>to</strong> the basis<br />
<strong>of</strong> the <strong><strong>to</strong>xicity</strong> data.<br />
166 Unclear as <strong>to</strong> the basis<br />
<strong>of</strong> the <strong><strong>to</strong>xicity</strong> data.<br />
167 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
(source language).<br />
172 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
(source language).<br />
173 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
(source language).<br />
178 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
(source language).<br />
186 Data are for formulation<br />
(a.i. Content not<br />
defined).<br />
187 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
(source language).<br />
188 Data are for formulation<br />
(a.i. Content not<br />
defined).<br />
189 Test material not<br />
defined.<br />
191 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
(source language).<br />
192 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
(source language).<br />
193 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
(source language).
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