The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 86500 Azinphosmethyl 86500 Azinphosmethyl 86500 Azinphosmethyl 86500 Azinphosmethyl 86500 Azinphosmethyl 86500 Azinphosmethyl 86500 Azinphosmethyl Amphibians and pesticides Test material Species Stage Temp. (°C) NR Technical Bufo woodhousei fowleri 22 Formulation Pseudacris regilla 99 Technical Pseudacris regilla 99 Technical Pseudacris regilla 22 Formulation Pseudacris regilla 22 Formulation Pseudacris regilla 93 Technical Pseudacris triseriata Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 46 The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. Test type Dura tion (h) LC50 (mg/L) LC50 based on Tadpoles 15.5±0.5 Static 96 0.13 Active ingredient Tadpoles 19 Continuo us-flow through Tadpoles 19 Continuo us-flow through 96 1.47 Active ingredient 96 >3.60 Active ingredient Tadpoles 23±1 Renewal 96 4.14 Active ingredient Tadpoles 24±1 Renewal 96 0.46 Active ingredient Tadpoles 24±1 Renewal 96 0.84 Active ingredient Tadpoles 15 Static 96 3.2 Active ingredient 86500 Azinphos- 22 Formulation Xenopus laevis Tadpoles 24±1 Renewal 96 0.42 Active methyl ingredient 86500 Azinphos- 99 Technical Xenopus laevis Tadpoles 23±1 Renewal 96 2.94 Active methyl ingredient 86500 Azinphos- 22 Formulation Xenopus laevis Tadpoles 24±1 Renewal 96 0.59 Active methyl ingredient 23184669 Butachlor 50 Formulation Bufo bufo Tadpoles 22±2 Renewal 96 0.76 Active gargarizans ingredient 23184669 Butachlor 60 Formulation Fejervarya Tadpoles 26 Renewal 96 0.87 Active limnocharis ingredient 23184669 Butachlor 50 Formulation Fejervarya Tadpoles 21-27 Renewal 96 1.30 Formulatio multistriata n 23184669 Butachlor 50 Formulation Microhyla Tadpoles 21-27 Renewal 96 0.53 Formulatio ornata n Reference Data line Sanders (1970) Nebeker et al (1998) Nebeker et al (1998) Schuytema et al (1995) Schuytema et al (1995) Schuytema et al (1995) Mayer and Ellersieck (1986) Schuytema et al (1995) Schuytema et al (1995) Schuytema et al (1995) Yin et al (2008) Liu et al (2011) Geng et al (2005) Geng et al (2005) 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1414 1416 1417 1418
CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Amphibians and pesticides Test material Species Stage Temp. (°C) 23184669 Butachlor 50 Formulation Polypedates megacephalus 8001352 Camphechlor 100 Technical Bufo woodhousei fowleri 8001352 Camphechlor NR Technical Bufo woodhousei fowleri 8001352 Camphechlor 100 Technical Pseudacris triseriata Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 47 The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. Test type Dura tion (h) LC50 (mg/L) LC50 based on Tadpoles 21-27 Renewal 96 1.52 Formulatio n Tadpoles 15 Static 96 0.15 Active ingredient Tadpoles 15.5±0.5 Static 96 0.14 Active ingredient Tadpoles 15 Static 96 0.39 Active ingredient 8001352 Camphechlor NR Technical Pseudacris Tadpoles 15.5±0.5 Static 96 0.5 Active triseriata ingredient 63252 Carbaryl 99.7 Technical Xenopus laevis Embryos 23±1 Static, 96 15.25 Active nonrenewal ingredient 63252 Carbaryl 99 Technical Rhinella Larvae 16±1 Static 96 24.64 Active arenarum ingredient 63252 Carbaryl 50 Formulation Rana tigrina NR NR Static 96 11.7 Active ingredient 63252 Carbaryl 50 Formulation Rana tigrina NR NR Static 96 6.2 Active ingredient 63252 Carbaryl 50 Formulation Rana tigrina NR NR Static 96 6.3 Active ingredient 63252 Carbaryl 99.7 Technical Bufo boreas Tadpoles 22 Static 96 12.31 Active ingredient 63252 Carbaryl 99.7 Technical Bufo boreas ssp. Tadpoles 22 Static 96 12.31 Active boreas ingredient 63252 Carbaryl NR Formulation Bufo marinus Tadpoles NR Static 96 2.1 Active ingredient 63252 Carbaryl 99.7 Technical Hyla versicolor Tadpoles 23±1 Static, 96 2.47 Active nonrenewal ingredient Reference Data line Geng et al (2005) Mayer and Ellersieck (1986) Sanders (1970) Mayer and Ellersieck (1986) Sanders (1970) Zaga et al (1998) Ferrari et al (2004) Marian et al (1983) Marian et al (1983) Marian et al (1983) Dwyer et al (1999) Dwyer et al (2005) Tejada et al (1994) Zaga et al (1998) 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433
Page 1 and 2: Supporting Publications 2012:EN-343
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Amphibians and pe
Page 5 and 6: TERMS OF REFERENCE AS PROVIDED BY E
Page 7 and 8: 1.1. European species Amphibians an
Page 9 and 10: Amphibians and pesticides Common na
Page 11 and 12: Amphibians and pesticides Table 2:
Page 13 and 14: Amphibians and pesticides Common na
Page 15 and 16: Amphibians and pesticides 1.2. Asso
Page 19 and 20: Amphibians and pesticides were not
Page 21 and 22: Amphibians and pesticides release.
Page 23 and 24: Amphibians and pesticides Given thi
Page 25 and 26: Amphibians and pesticides Other app
Page 27 and 28: Table 8: References relating to der
Page 31 and 32: Species Stage (size) Pesticide (For
Page 37 and 38: Amphibians and pesticides Xiao et a
Page 39 and 40: Amphibians and pesticides is also l
Page 41 and 42: Table 11: 96h LC50 data for amphibi
Page 43 and 44: CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Amphibian
Page 45: CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Amphibian
Page 61 and 62: CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 38641940
Page 75 and 76: CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 131522 So
Page 77 and 78: CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 131522 So
Page 83 and 84: Table 12: LD50 data from dosing stu
Page 85 and 86: Pesticide % a.i. Test material DDT
Page 87 and 88: Pesticide % a.i. Test material Dime
Page 89 and 90: Pesticide % a.i. Test material Ekat
Page 91 and 92: Pesticide % a.i. Mevinphos (Fosdrin
Page 93 and 94: Pesticide % a.i. Permethrin [(1R)-t
Page 95 and 96: Pesticide % a.i. Test material S-Bi
Page 97 and 98:
Pesticide % a.i. Test material TEPP
Page 99 and 100:
Amphibians and pesticides The limit
Page 101 and 102:
Amphibians and pesticides Andreone
Page 103 and 104:
Amphibians and pesticides Bidwell J
Page 105 and 106:
Amphibians and pesticides Chenoweth
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Amphibians and pesticides EFSA, 200
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Amphibians and pesticides Garcia-Mu
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Amphibians and pesticides Hoglund J
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Amphibians and pesticides Kennedy I
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Amphibians and pesticides Lippe C,
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Amphibians and pesticides Nagy KA,
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Amphibians and pesticides Pellet J,
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Amphibians and pesticides Saka M, 2
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Amphibians and pesticides Snawder J
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Amphibians and pesticides Vogrin M
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APPENDICES A. SEARCH LOGIC EFSA Con
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Amphibians and pesticides 35. (Endo
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Amphibians and pesticides 77. track
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B. SPECIES INFORMATION - GREAT CRES
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Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex S
Page 137 and 138:
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Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex F
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Table 20: Seasonal activities of Tr
Page 143 and 144:
1. Body size Table 22: Bodyweight o
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Table 26: Diet of Triturus vulgaris
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Table 28: Diet of newly metamorphos
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5. Other information Table 30: Age/
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2. Metabolic rate Table 33: Metabol
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Table 35: Diet of Rana temporaria i
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Table 37: Diet of Rana temporaria i
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Table 39: Seasonal activities of Ra
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E. SPECIES INFORMATION - COMMON TOA
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Table 44: Body length of Bufo bufo.
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3. Diet Table 46: Diet of Bufo bufo
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Table 48: Diet of Bufo bufo in the
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Amphibians and pesticides Age Sex F
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4. Seasonal activities Amphibians a
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5. Other information Table 53: Age/
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Table 59: Diet of Hyla arborea in R
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Table 60: Seasonal activities of Hy
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Amphibians and pesticides G. SPECIE
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3. Diet Table 66: Diet of Bufo cala
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Amphibians and pesticides Begin Pea
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Amphibians and pesticides Sex Mean
Page 211 and 212:
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2. Metabolic rate No metabolic rate
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Amphibians and pesticides Carabidae
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Table 80: Age at sexual maturity fo
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 94757 2,4
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Amphibian
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 38641940
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 1910425 P
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 131522 So
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J. SELECTED 48H LC50 DATA Table 82:
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 38641940
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 7487947 M
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 298000 Pa
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K. SELECTED 72H LC50 DATA Table 83:
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L. SELECTED LC50 DATA FOR ‘OTHER
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. 94757 2,4
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M. OMITTED LC50 DATA Table 85: Omit
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CAS Pesticide name % a.i. Test mate
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CAS Pesticide name 8011630 Bordeaux
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CAS Pesticide name 298000 Parathion
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CAS Pesticide name 56359 Tributylti
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Amphibians and pesticides Andreone
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Amphibians and pesticides Red List
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Amphibians and pesticides Lyciasala
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The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

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