The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

Amphibians and pesticides
Begin Peak End Country Habitat Notes Reference
Autumn migration
April September Spain Agricultural (semi-arid) Post breeding activity period Miaud et al (2000)
5. Other information
Table 70: Home range of Bufo calamita.
Age Sex Season Mean SD/SE Units Min. Max. N Country Habitat Notes Reference
- M/F Outside
breeding
season
- M/F Outside
breeding
season
- M/F Outside
breeding
season
- - Breeding 0.5
(median)
- - Post- 4.1
breeding (median)
- - Postbreeding
691 601 SD m 2 - - 28 UK Heath Woolmer. Convex
polygon, n = toads with ≥
4 sightings.
920 650 SD m 2 - - 5 UK Dune Birkdale. Convex polygon,
n = toads with ≥ 4
sightings.
2160 1232 SD m 2 - - 7 UK Marsh Dunnerholme. Convex
polygon, n = toads with ≥
4 sightings.
6.5
(median)
Denton and Beebee
(1993)
Denton and Beebee
(1993)
Denton and Beebee
(1993)
- ha 0.1 10.7 13 Spain Agricultural January to April Miaud and Sanuy
(2005)
- ha 0.2 29 11 Spain Agricultural April to September Miaud and Sanuy
(minimum concave
polygon)
(2005)
- ha 1.3 41.0 11 Spain Agricultural April to September Miaud and Sanuy
(minimum convex
polygon)
(2005)
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 207
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