The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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Pesticide %<br />
a.i.<br />
Test<br />
material<br />
Carbaryl 50 Form. Hoplobatrachus<br />
tigerinus<br />
Chlorpyrifos 94.5 NR Rana<br />
catesbeiana<br />
Cypermethrin<br />
[(1R,αS)-cisisomer]<br />
Cypermethrin<br />
[(1R,αS)-cisisomer]<br />
Cypermethrin<br />
[(1R,αS)trans-isomer]<br />
Cypermethrin<br />
[(1R,αS)trans-isomer]<br />
NR Tech. Rana pipiens<br />
pipiens<br />
NR Tech. Rana<br />
catesbeiana<br />
NR Tech. Rana pipiens<br />
pipiens<br />
NR Tech. Rana<br />
catesbeiana<br />
DDT NR NR Rana<br />
temporaria<br />
Species Stage Temp.<br />
°C<br />
Adult<br />
(40g)<br />
Exposure<br />
type<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 84<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.<br />
Dur.<br />
(h)<br />
Dose<br />
levels<br />
Anim.<br />
/dose<br />
LD50<br />
(mg/kg)<br />
(95%<br />
CL)<br />
Comments Reference<br />
NR IP 96 8 0 320 Assuming presented data<br />
is for 50% formulation.<br />
LD50 <strong>of</strong> formulation 640<br />
mg/kg (dose range 500-<br />
NR NR Oral<br />
(capsule)<br />
Adult<br />
(20-0g)<br />
Tad.<br />
(10-<br />
15g)<br />
Adult<br />
(20-<br />
30g)<br />
Tad.<br />
(10-<br />
15g)<br />
700mg/kg).<br />
336 NR NR >400 Basis <strong>of</strong> LD50 value<br />
unclear, assume active<br />
ingredient based on<br />
purity. Based on data for<br />
2 males. Toxicity <strong>to</strong><br />
mallard 75.6-112mg/kg.<br />
Toxicity <strong>to</strong> 2-2.5 months<br />
old Japanese quail 15.9-<br />
20 SC 24 NR NR 0.16<br />
(0.12-<br />
0.24)<br />
20 IP 24 NR NR 0.04<br />
(0.01-<br />
0.24)<br />
20 SC 24 NR NR 0.65<br />
(0.41-<br />
1.0)<br />
20 IP 24 NR NR 0.20<br />
(0.06-<br />
0.41)<br />
Adult 15 Oral<br />
(capsule)<br />
17.8mg/kg.<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 28-34 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 32-45 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 28-34 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 32-35 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
480 NR NR 7.6 Basis for LD50 data<br />
unclear. Data for 3d, 4d<br />
<strong>and</strong> 95% CL provided but<br />
in graph with log scale.<br />
Sampath et al<br />
(1992)<br />
Hudson et al<br />
(1984)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)<br />
Harri et al<br />
(1979)
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