The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

Table 20: Seasonal activities of Triturus cristatus.
Amphibians and pesticides
Begin Peak End Country Habitat Notes Reference
End Februarybeginning
March
Mating/laying
Early/mid April End April-mid May Romania Near forest
Emigration
Aquatic phase Cicort-Lucaciu
et al (2009)
10 June - 8 August Sweden Cattle pond, pasture,
spinney
27 July - 23 October Sweden Cattle pond, pasture,
spinney
21 May - 29 July Sweden Cattle pond, pasture,
spinney
18 June - 3 November Sweden Cattle pond, pasture,
spinney
1 June - 19 July Sweden Cattle pond, pasture,
spinney
30 June - 21 October Sweden Cattle pond, pasture,
spinney
5. Other information
Table 21: Age and longevity of Triturus cristatus.
Onset of emigration from breeding pond,
‘older’ (non-metamorphs) (1997 data)
Onset of emigration from breeding pond,
metamorphs (1997 data)
Onset of emigration from breeding pond,
‘older’ (non-metamorphs) (1998 data)
Onset of emigration from breeding pond,
metamorphs (1998 data)
Onset of emigration from breeding pond,
‘older’ (non-metamorphs) (1999 data)
Onset of emigration from breeding pond,
metamorphs (1999 data)
Malmgren
(2002)
Malmgren
(2002)
Malmgren
(2002)
Malmgren
(2002)
Malmgren
(2002)
Malmgren
(2002)
Sex Season Mean SD/SE Units Min. Max. N Country Habitat Notes Reference
F - - - y - 10 1 Germany Agricultural Hachtel et al (2005)
F - - - y - 8 1 Germany Agricultural Hachtel et al (2005)
M - - - y - 8 1 Germany Agricultural Hachtel et al (2005)
M - - - y - 12+ France ‘Pond’ Based on LAG Francillon-Viellot et al (1990)
M - - - y - 14 France ‘Pond’ Based on LAG Francillon-Viellot et al (1990)
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 141
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