The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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Pesticide %<br />
a.i.<br />
Test<br />
material<br />
S-Bioallethrin NR Tech. Rana pipiens<br />
pipiens<br />
Sodium<br />
fluoroacetate<br />
Sodium<br />
fluoroacetate<br />
Sodium<br />
fluoroacetate<br />
Sodium<br />
mon<strong>of</strong>luoroac<br />
etate<br />
Sodium<br />
mon<strong>of</strong>luoroac<br />
etate<br />
Species Stage Temp.<br />
°C<br />
Adult<br />
(20-<br />
30g)<br />
Exposure<br />
type<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 95<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.<br />
Dur.<br />
(h)<br />
Dose<br />
levels<br />
Anim.<br />
/dose<br />
LD50<br />
(mg/kg)<br />
(95%<br />
CL)<br />
20 SC 24 NR NR 1.7<br />
(1.3-2.4)<br />
Comments Reference<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 28-34 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
NR NR) Rana pipiens Adult NR SC NR NR NR 25 Test material not defined<br />
but likely <strong>to</strong> be technical<br />
given nature <strong>of</strong> data<br />
≥90 NR Rana<br />
catesbeiana<br />
92/95<br />
.8<br />
Form.<br />
/Tech<br />
.<br />
Limnodynastes<br />
tasmaniensis<br />
NR NR Oral<br />
(capsule)<br />
Adult<br />
(4.6g)<br />
336 NR NR 54.4<br />
(25.6-<br />
115)<br />
reported<br />
Basis <strong>of</strong> LD50 value<br />
unclear, assume active<br />
ingredient based on<br />
purity. Based on data for<br />
12 males. Toxicity <strong>to</strong><br />
mallard 5.97-9.11 mg/kg.<br />
Toxicity <strong>to</strong> 3 months old<br />
Japanese quail 12.8mg/kg.<br />
12-20 IP NR ≥4 NR c. 60 Only approximate<br />
estimate based on testing<br />
7 animals. No duration for<br />
observations but<br />
mortalities occurred<br />
between 36.8h <strong>and</strong> 98.3h.<br />
NR NR Xenopus laevis Adult NR SC/IP NR NR NR >500 Test material not defined<br />
but likely <strong>to</strong> be technical<br />
given nature <strong>of</strong> data<br />
reported<br />
NR NR Rana pipiens Adult NR SC NR NR NR 150 Test material not defined<br />
but likely <strong>to</strong> be technical<br />
given nature <strong>of</strong> data<br />
reported<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)<br />
Chenoweth<br />
(1949)<br />
Hudson et al<br />
(1984)<br />
McIlroy et al<br />
(1985)<br />
Chenoweth<br />
(1949)<br />
Chenoweth<br />
(1949)
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