The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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CAS Pesticide name %<br />
a.i.<br />
298000 Parathionmethyl,<br />
methyl<br />
parathion<br />
298000 Parathionmethyl,<br />
methyl<br />
parathion<br />
298000 Parathionmethyl,<br />
methyl<br />
parathion<br />
298000 Parathionmethyl,<br />
methyl<br />
parathion<br />
87865 Pentachlorophe<br />
nol<br />
87865 Pentachlorophe<br />
nol<br />
87865 Pentachlorophe<br />
nol<br />
87865 Pentachlorophe<br />
nol<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Test material Species Stage Temp.<br />
(°C)<br />
50 Formulation Rana<br />
cyanophlyctis<br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 257<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.<br />
Test<br />
type<br />
Dura<br />
tion<br />
(h)<br />
LC50<br />
(mg/L)<br />
LC50<br />
based on<br />
Adults 23±0.2 Renewal 48 24.0 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
NR Formulation Bufo marinus Tadpoles NR Static 48 5.0 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
99 Technical Rana<br />
limnocharis<br />
Tadpoles 20±1 Static 48 3.3 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
99 Technical Rana tigrina Tadpoles 20-21 Static 48 3.9 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
NR Technical Ambys<strong>to</strong>ma<br />
mexicanum<br />
NR (Technical) Ambys<strong>to</strong>ma<br />
mexicanum<br />
Adults NR Static 48 0.3 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
Tadpoles 20±1 Static 48 0.30 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
99 Technical Bufo boreas Tadpoles 22 Static 48 0.54 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
NR (Technical) Xenopus laevis Tadpoles 20±1 Static 48 0.26 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
52645531 Permethrin 95.2 Technical Bufo boreas Tadpoles 22 Static 48 >10 Active<br />
ingredient<br />
51036 Piperonyl NR Technical Pseudacris Tadpoles 15.5±0.5 Static 48 1.3 Active<br />
bu<strong>to</strong>xide<br />
triseriata<br />
ingredient<br />
23103982 Pirimicarb 50 Formulation Rhinella Tadpoles 25±1 Renewal 48 111.80 Active<br />
arenarum<br />
ingredient<br />
23103982 Pirimicarb 50 Formulation Rhinella Tadpoles 25±1 Renewal 48 102.85 Active<br />
arenarum<br />
ingredient<br />
Reference Data<br />
line<br />
Mudgall <strong>and</strong><br />
Patil (1987)<br />
Tejada et al<br />
(1994)<br />
Zeng et al<br />
(2003)<br />
Luo et al<br />
(2003)<br />
Office <strong>of</strong><br />
Pesticide<br />
Programs<br />
(2000)<br />
Slo<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong><br />
Baerselman<br />
(1980)<br />
Dwyer et al<br />
(1999)<br />
Slo<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong><br />
Baerselman<br />
(1980)<br />
Dwyer et al<br />
(1999)<br />
S<strong>and</strong>ers<br />
(1970)<br />
C<strong>and</strong>ioti et al<br />
(2010)<br />
C<strong>and</strong>ioti et al<br />
(2010)<br />
954<br />
955<br />
957<br />
959<br />
960<br />
963<br />
964<br />
965<br />
974<br />
985<br />
986<br />
987
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