The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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CAS Pesticide<br />
name<br />
%<br />
a.i.<br />
Test<br />
material<br />
Species Stage Temp.<br />
(°C)<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Exposure<br />
type<br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 336<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.<br />
Durat<br />
ion<br />
(h)<br />
LC50<br />
(mg/L)<br />
LC50<br />
based<br />
on<br />
Reference Data<br />
line<br />
Reason for omission<br />
from main dataset<br />
5221169 MCPA NR ? Bufo bufo Tad. 25 Static 96 >40 ? Nishiuchi <strong>and</strong> 1722 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
potassium<br />
japonicus<br />
Yoshida (1975)<br />
(source language).<br />
7487947 Mercuric NR (Tech.) Rana Adults 0 NR 96 4.4 a.i. Punzo (1993b) 1724 Lack <strong>of</strong> detail on<br />
chloride<br />
heckscheri<br />
methods used.<br />
7487947 Mercuric NR Tech. Rana tigrina Adults 23±1.0 Renewal 96 16.1 a.i. Mudgall <strong>and</strong> 1725 Insufficient details on<br />
chloride<br />
Patil (1988)<br />
repilication <strong>and</strong> dose<br />
levels.<br />
7487947 Mercuric NR Tech. Rana tigrina Adults 23±1.0 Renewal 96 18.3 a.i. Mudgall <strong>and</strong> 1726 Insufficient details on<br />
chloride<br />
Patil (1988)<br />
repilication <strong>and</strong> dose<br />
levels.<br />
2212671 Molinate NR ? Bufo bufo Tad. 25 Static 96 34 ? Nishiuchi <strong>and</strong> 1749 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
japonicus<br />
Yoshida (1975)<br />
(source language).<br />
6923224 Monocro<strong>to</strong>ph 36 Form. Euphlyctis Adults NR NR 96 195 a.i. Renuka <strong>and</strong> 1752 Lack <strong>of</strong> detail on<br />
os<br />
hexadactylus<br />
Andrews (2009)<br />
methods used.<br />
54115 Nicotine NR (unclear in Xenopus Emb. 23-24 Renewal 96 20 a.i. Dawson et al 1763 Test material not<br />
source) laevis<br />
(1988)<br />
defined<br />
54115 Nicotine NR (unclear in Xenopus Emb. 23-24 Renewal 96 136 a.i. Dawson et al 1764 Test material not<br />
source) laevis<br />
(1988)<br />
defined<br />
4726141 Nitralin NR ? Bufo bufo Tad. 25 Static 96 >40 ? Nishiuchi <strong>and</strong> 1765 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
japonicus<br />
Yoshida (1975)<br />
(source language).<br />
19666309 Oxadiazon NR ? Bufo bufo Tad. 25 Static 96 1.3 ? Nishiuchi <strong>and</strong> 1767 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
japonicus<br />
Yoshida (1975)<br />
(source language).<br />
5259881 Oxicarboxin NR ? Bufo bufo Tad. 25 Static 96 3.8 ? Nishiuchi <strong>and</strong> 1768 Unable <strong>to</strong> check details<br />
japonicus<br />
Yoshida (1975)<br />
(source language).<br />
4685147 Paraquat NR Form. Adelotus Tad. 21-22 Static 96 262 Form. Johnson (1976) 1771 Data based on<br />
brevis<br />
formulation, a.i. Content<br />
not defined.<br />
4685147 Paraquat NR Form. Limnodyn- Tad. 21-22 Static 96 100 Form. Johnson (1976) 1773 Data based on<br />
astes peroni<br />
formulation, a.i. Content<br />
not defined.<br />
298000 Parathion- NR Form. Rana Tad. NR Static 96 8.75 Form. Alam (1989) 1790 Too little detail<br />
methyl,<br />
methyl<br />
parathion<br />
cyanophlyctis
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