The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

Species Stage (size) Pesticide
(Formulation/
purity)
Fowler’s toad
(Bufo woodhousei
fowleri)
Northern cricket
frog
(Acris gryllus)
Southern cricket
frog
(Acris crepitans)
Fowler’s toad
(Bufo woodhousei
fowleri)
Emerald glass frog
(Centrolene
prosoblepon)
Emerald glass frog
(Centrolene
prosoblepon)
Banded robber frog
(Pristimantis
taeniatus)
Banded robber frog
(Pristimantis
taeniatus)
Banded robber frog
(Pristimantis
taeniatus)
Banded robber frog
(Pristimantis
taeniatus)
NR
(20-28mm
means)
NR
(22mm
mean)
NR
(21-25mm
means)
NR
(20-28mm
means)
Dieldrin
(95%)
Endrin
(98%)
Endrin
(98%)
Endrin
(98%)
Juvenile Glyphosate
(Glyphos
35.4%) +
Cosmo Flux
Juvenile Glyphosate
(Glyphos) +
Cosmo Flux
Adult Glyphosate
(Glyphos) +
Cosmo Flux
Adult Glyphosate
(Glyphos) +
Cosmo Flux
Adult Glyphosate
(Glyphos) +
Cosmo Flux
Adult Glyphosate
(Glyphos) +
Cosmo Flux
Exposure method Temp.
(°C)
Filter paper 26.7±1.1
(80±2°F)
Filter paper 26.7±1.1
(80±2°F)
Filter paper 26.7±1.1
(80±2°F)
Filter paper 26.7±1.1
(80±2°F)
Amphibians and pesticides
Endpoint Dose Effects Reference
Mortality 1.6-84.8 µg/cm 2 36h TL50 (approx.
dose leading to 50%
mortality at 36h)
Mortality 0.3-0.7 µg/cm 2 36h TL50 (approx.
dose leading to 50%
mortality at 36h)
Mortality 0.6-0.9 µg/cm 2 36h TL50 (approx.
dose leading to 50%
mortality at 36h)
Mortality 0.5-1.5 µg/cm 2 36h TL50 (approx.
dose leading to 50%
mortality at 36h)
Ferguson and
Gilbert (1967)
Ferguson and
Gilbert (1967)
Ferguson and
Gilbert (1967)
Ferguson and
Gilbert (1967)
Overspray 25±2 Mortality 1.97 kg a.e./ha LC1 Bernal et al.
(2009b)
Overspray 25±2 Mortality 4.5 kg a.e./ha LC50 Bernal et al.
(2009b)
Overspray 25±2 Mortality 1.93 kg a.e./ha LC1 Bernal et al.
(2009b)
Overspray 25±2 Mortality 5.6 kg a.e./ha LC50 Bernal et al.
(2009b)
Overspray 25±2 Mortality 1.93 kg a.e./ha LC1 Bernal et al.
(2009b)
Overspray 25±2 Mortality 5.6 kg a.e./ha LC50 Bernal et al.
(2009b)
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 31
The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food
Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an
output adopted by the Authority. The European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the
rights of the authors.