The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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TERMS OF REFERENCE AS PROVIDED BY EFSA<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Consider the <strong><strong>to</strong>xicity</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong> <strong>to</strong> aquatic <strong>and</strong> terrestrial life stages <strong>of</strong> <strong>amphibians</strong>. <strong>The</strong> literature<br />
overview should provide the basis for a comparison <strong>of</strong> the sensitivity <strong>of</strong> <strong>amphibians</strong> with fish, birds<br />
<strong>and</strong> mammals.<br />
Consider the occurrence <strong>of</strong> different amphibian species in agricultural l<strong>and</strong>scapes. <strong>The</strong> aim is <strong>to</strong> find<br />
out which species occur in agricultural l<strong>and</strong>scapes <strong>and</strong> how is the habitat use <strong>of</strong> the species. <strong>The</strong><br />
literature review should provide a basis for an estimation <strong>of</strong> <strong>exposure</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>amphibians</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
during their different life stages.<br />
This contract was awarded by EFSA <strong>to</strong>:<br />
<strong>The</strong> Food <strong>and</strong> Environment Research Agency<br />
S<strong>and</strong> Hut<strong>to</strong>n<br />
York<br />
YO41 1LZ<br />
UK<br />
Contract title: Literature reviews on the <strong>to</strong>pics <strong>of</strong> relevance <strong>to</strong> the revision <strong>of</strong> the Guidance<br />
Documents on Aquatic <strong>and</strong> Terrestrial Eco<strong>to</strong>xicology.<br />
Lot 6: Toxicity <strong>of</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong> <strong>to</strong> aquatic <strong>and</strong> terrestrial life stages <strong>of</strong> <strong>amphibians</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
occurrence, habitat use <strong>and</strong> <strong>exposure</strong> <strong>of</strong> amphibian species in agricultural<br />
environments.<br />
Contract number: CT/EFSA/PRAS/2011/02<br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 5<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively<br />
by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender<br />
procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be<br />
considered as an output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the<br />
issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.
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