The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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Pesticide %<br />
a.i.<br />
Test<br />
material<br />
Species Stage Temp.<br />
°C<br />
Phosphamidon NR NR Bufo arenarum Adult<br />
(90-<br />
Propoxur 97 NR Rana<br />
catesbeiana<br />
Pyrethrins NR Tech. Rana pipiens<br />
pipiens<br />
Resmethrin<br />
[(1RS)-cisisomer]<br />
Resmethrin<br />
[(1RS)-cisisomer]<br />
Resmethrin<br />
[(1RS)-transisomer]<br />
Resmethrin<br />
[(1RS)-transisomer]<br />
NR Tech. Rana pipiens<br />
pipiens<br />
NR Tech. Rana<br />
catesbeiana<br />
NR Tech. Rana pipiens<br />
pipiens<br />
NR Tech. Rana<br />
catesbeiana<br />
95g)<br />
Exposure<br />
type<br />
20±2 Injections<br />
(lymph<br />
sac)<br />
NR NR Oral<br />
(capsule)<br />
Adult<br />
(20-<br />
30g)<br />
Adult<br />
(20-<br />
30g)<br />
Tad.<br />
(10-<br />
15g)<br />
Adult<br />
(20-<br />
30g)<br />
Tad.<br />
(10-<br />
15g)<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 94<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.<br />
Dur.<br />
(h)<br />
Dose<br />
levels<br />
Anim.<br />
/dose<br />
LD50<br />
(mg/kg)<br />
(95%<br />
CL)<br />
96 7 12 1180<br />
(922-<br />
1510)<br />
336 NR NR 595<br />
(500-<br />
707)<br />
20 SC 24 NR NR 5.8 (4.9-<br />
7.0)<br />
20 SC 24 NR NR 1.3<br />
(1.0-1.6)<br />
20 IP 24 NR NR 1.2<br />
(0.83-<br />
1.6)<br />
Comments Reference<br />
Basis <strong>of</strong> LD50 data not<br />
clear (test material not<br />
defined).<br />
Basis <strong>of</strong> LD50 value<br />
unclear, assume active<br />
ingredient based on<br />
purity. Based on data for<br />
8 males. Toxicity <strong>to</strong> 4-6<br />
months old mallard 9.44-<br />
11.9mg/kg. Toxicity <strong>to</strong> 20<br />
months old Japanese quail<br />
28.3mg/kg.<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 28-34 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 28-34 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 32-45 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
20 SC 24 NR NR >60 Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
20 IP 24 NR NR) 5.6<br />
(3.6-8.8)<br />
but 28-34 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
Assumed data based on<br />
active ingredient. Animals<br />
per dose level not defined<br />
but 32-45 <strong>to</strong>tal used.<br />
Juarez <strong>and</strong><br />
Guzman<br />
(1988)<br />
Hudson et al<br />
(1984)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)<br />
Cole <strong>and</strong><br />
Casida (1983)
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