The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
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1. Body size<br />
Table 31: Bodyweight <strong>of</strong> Rana temporaria.<br />
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
Age Sex Season Mean SD/SE Units Min. Max. N Country Habitat Notes Reference<br />
Adult M/F Spring 37.0 6.4 SD g 26.7 46.3 18 Germany Lowl<strong>and</strong>s 4 females <strong>and</strong> 14<br />
males<br />
Seitz et al (1992)<br />
Adult M - - - g - 49 1 UK - Smith (1951)<br />
Adult F - - - g - 72 3 UK - Smith (1951)<br />
Adult F - - - g 42 43 - UK - Pre-spawning Smith (1951)<br />
Adult F - - - g 28 28.5 - UK - Post-spawning Smith (1951)<br />
Adult M/F - - - g 11 47 14 UK - Oldham <strong>and</strong> Swan (1992)<br />
Adult M/F - - - g 20 55 132 Pol<strong>and</strong> - Gromysz-Kalkowska <strong>and</strong><br />
Szubar<strong>to</strong>wska (1993a)<br />
Adult M/F November/ - - g 21 56 132 Pol<strong>and</strong> - Gromysz-Kalkowska <strong>and</strong><br />
December<br />
Szubar<strong>to</strong>wska (1993b)<br />
Juvenile - - 341 21 mg - - 6 Austria Alps Froglets at<br />
metamorphosis<br />
(length <strong>of</strong> larvae<br />
42.8 mm)<br />
H<strong>of</strong>er <strong>and</strong> Lackner (2006)<br />
Juvenile - - 97 4 mg - - 7 Austria Alps Froglets at<br />
metamorphosis<br />
(length <strong>of</strong> larvae<br />
29.4 mm)<br />
H<strong>of</strong>er <strong>and</strong> Lackner (2006)<br />
Adult M Breeding 26.5 7.9 SD g - - 87 France Mixed Site A, 1986 Joly (1991)<br />
Adult M Breeding 26.0 6.3 SD g - - 63 France Mixed Site A, 1987 Joly (1991)<br />
Adult F Breeding 30.1 9.4 SD g - - 46 France Mixed Site A, 1986 Joly (1991)<br />
Adult F Breeding 29.2 12.0 SD g - - 70 France Mixed Site A, 1987 Joly (1991)<br />
Adult M Breeding 16.0 5.3 SD g - - 79 France Mixed Site B, 1986 Joly (1991)<br />
Adult M Breeding 17.2 4.7 SD g - - 79 France Mixed Site B, 1987 Joly (1991)<br />
Adult F Breeding 23.6 11.9 SD g - - 40 France Mixed Site B, 1986 Joly (1991)<br />
Adult F Breeding 14.6 6.3 SD g - - 48 France Mixed Site B, 1987 Joly (1991)<br />
Adult F Breeding 40.0 8.2 SD g - - 28 Sweden - Elmberg (1991)<br />
Juvenile - 6.85 3.3 SD g 1.2 14.8 116 Austria Alluvial<br />
plain<br />
Total for all sites Pintar (1984)<br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 153<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food<br />
Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an<br />
output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the<br />
rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.
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