The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians

Amphibians and pesticides
Age Sex Season Mean SD/SE Units Min. Max. N Country Habitat Notes Reference
Adult F All year 72 9 SD mm SVL - - Italy Mountain Reproductive Fasola and Canova
(1992)
Adult M All year 70 10 SD mm SVL - - Italy Mountain Non-reproductive Fasola and Canova
(1992)
Adult F All year 74 10 SD mm SVL - - Italy Mountain Non-reproductive Fasola and Canova
(1992)
2. Metabolic rate
Table 16: Metabolic rate of Triturus cristatus (oxygen)
Age Sex Weight
(g)
Season Mean SD/SE Units Min. Max. N Country Temp (°C) Notes Reference
Adult 7 - 0.055 - ml/g/h - - - - 10 Resting Gatten et al. (1992)
3. Diet
Table 17: Diet of Triturus cristatus in ponds in the UK (Avery 1968)
Age Sex Food type Mean number Season N Country Habitat Notes
Adult - Diptera (larvae and pupae) 5.3 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Adult - Copepoda 1.4 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Adult - Cladocera 0.6 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Adult - Ostracoda 2.5 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Adult - Asellus 9.1 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Adult - Gastropoda 7.0 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Adult - Ephemoptera nymphs 0.4 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Adult - Odonata nymphs 0.2 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Adult - Coleoptera larvae 0.1 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Adult - Newt egg 0.1 Spring 16 UK ‘Pond’ Diet in pond, April.
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 137
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