The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
The exposure and toxicity of pesticides to amphibians
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Amphibians <strong>and</strong> <strong>pesticides</strong><br />
<strong>The</strong> limited range <strong>and</strong> variable quality <strong>of</strong> the LD50 data retrieved make any comparison with bird <strong>and</strong><br />
mammal data problematic, except perhaps where they were tested in the same study under the same<br />
conditions (Edery <strong>and</strong> Schatzberg-Porath 1960, Hudson et al. 1984 <strong>and</strong> Tucker <strong>and</strong> Crabtree 1969).<br />
This information is summarized in Table 13.<br />
Table 13: Comparisons <strong>of</strong> amphibian, bird <strong>and</strong> mammal <strong><strong>to</strong>xicity</strong> (LD50 in mg/kg) where they are<br />
reported in the same study.<br />
Pesticide Species Amphibian Mallard Quail Mouse Rat Reference<br />
Carbaryl Rana<br />
>4000 >2564 2290 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Chlorpyrifos Rana<br />
>400 75.6-112 15.9-17.8 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
DDT Rana<br />
>2000 >2240 841 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Deme<strong>to</strong>n Rana<br />
562 7.19 8.48 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
DFP Bufo viridis 1450 4.0 Edery <strong>and</strong><br />
Schatzberg-<br />
Porath (1960)<br />
Diazinon Rana<br />
>2000 3.54 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Dicro<strong>to</strong>phos Rana<br />
2000 4.24 4.32 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Dimefox Bufo viridis 1410 4.4 Edery <strong>and</strong><br />
Schatzberg-<br />
Porath (1960)<br />
Mexacarbate Rana<br />
566 2.98-4.20 3.21 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Mexacarbate Rana<br />
283-800 3.0-4.2 3.21 14.1 Tucker <strong>and</strong><br />
catesbeiana<br />
Crabtree (1969)<br />
Nabam Rana<br />
420 >2560 2120 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Paraoxon Bufo viridis 188 1.13 Edery <strong>and</strong><br />
Schatzberg-<br />
Porath (1960)<br />
Paraoxon Rana<br />
91 1.13 Edery <strong>and</strong><br />
ridibunda<br />
Schatzberg-<br />
Porath (1960)<br />
Parathion Bufo viridis 967 14.0 Edery <strong>and</strong><br />
Schatzberg-<br />
Porath (1960)<br />
Phorate Rana<br />
85.2 0.616-2.55 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Phosacetim Rana<br />
>2000 24 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Propoxur Rana<br />
595 9.44-11.9 28.3 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Sodium Rana<br />
54.4 5.97-9.11 12.8 Hudson et al<br />
fluoroacetate catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Strychnine Rana<br />
2.21 2.00-5.88 22.6 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Temephos Rana<br />
>2000 >2240 >20 Hudson et al<br />
catesbeiana<br />
(1984)<br />
Supporting publications 2012:EN-343 99<br />
<strong>The</strong> present document has been produced <strong>and</strong> adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively<br />
by the author(s) in the context <strong>of</strong> a contract between the European Food Safety Authority <strong>and</strong> the author(s), awarded following a tender<br />
procedure. <strong>The</strong> present document is published complying with the transparency principle <strong>to</strong> which the Authority is subject. It may not be<br />
considered as an output adopted by the Authority. <strong>The</strong> European food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view <strong>and</strong> position as regards the<br />
issues addressed <strong>and</strong> the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice <strong>to</strong> the rights <strong>of</strong> the authors.
Change language